高一英語短文改錯知識點
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高一英語短文改錯知識點
高一英語短文改錯常考知識點：主謂一致
從廣義來說，英語中的一致問題涉及多個方面，如主謂一致、人稱的一致、並列結構的前後一致等。由於人稱的一致已歸入“代詞”考點、並列結構的前後一致已分別歸入非謂語動詞、時態等，所以這裏只歸納主謂一致問題。
真題單句歸納：
(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car， talking to two men whowas
helping him to repair it. (was 改爲were，因先行詞 two men是複數，所以修飾該先行詞的定語從句的謂語動詞也應用複數)
(全國卷)
(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but alsogive
us a sense of fair play and team spirit.(give 改爲 gives，它與makes
爲平行結構，構成並列謂語動詞)
(3) But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (is 改爲are，因其後的
mysteries 爲複數，故謂語動詞要用複數) (北京春季卷)
(4) One evening she told me that something happened when their parentswas
out. (was改爲were，因爲主語their parents是複數，所以不用was要用were)(福建卷)
高一英語短文改錯知識點
錯詞的情況最爲複雜，大致可分爲虛詞選擇錯誤、實詞詞形錯誤、同(近)義、形似詞選擇錯誤等。
虛詞選擇錯誤
① 介詞或副詞選擇錯誤：這種情況極爲複雜，各種情況都有可能。這裏只提供幾組作爲參考：before / ago, among / between,after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except /besides, with / in(用), to / for (對於), like / as 等。
② 連詞選擇錯誤或連詞與介詞混淆。如：because / for(since, as), if / whether, if / unless, soas / so that, hardly … when / no sooner… than, while / when, till / until等。
③ 感嘆句用詞選擇錯誤：how / what。
④ 冠詞選擇錯誤：a / an, a (an) / the。
實詞詞形錯誤
① 名詞詞形錯誤：名詞的單複數形式，特別注意不規則名詞的複數形式;名詞的所有格，特別注意不規則複數名詞的所有格，如：thechildren’s;名詞所有格的絕對形式。如：My son is older than my elder brother’s.
② 動詞詞形錯誤：不規則動詞的過去式、過去分詞形式錯誤，特別注意幾組易於混淆的詞，如：lie(躺) / lie(說謊) / lay;hang(掛) /hang(絞死);find / found(建立);fall / fell(砍倒);bear(忍受) /bear(生育)等的過去式與過去分詞。非謂語動詞用法的選擇，特別是充當狀語、表語、定語或賓語補足語時是用過去分詞還是現在分詞(取決於主語、名詞中心詞與賓語的關係);在to 後是用不定式還是動名詞(取決於to是介詞還是小品詞);以及在並列結構中後面動詞的形式，必須與第 1個動詞保持一致。謂語動詞時態形式的選擇，是現在時還是過去時還是其他時態;情態動詞和 will(would), shall (should)等助動詞後面的動詞形式的選擇(只能用原形)。
③ 形容詞與副詞詞形錯誤：是用原級、比較級還是級，是加 more, most 還是加 -er, -est 構成比較級和級。
④詞性選擇錯誤：不同的詞性充當不同的句子成分，要注意實詞的詞性是否適合其功能，不符合則應換用適當的派生詞。其中特別要注意：連繫動詞後常用形容詞充當表語，而不用副詞。如：Hefeels cold. 作狀語用副詞，而不用形容詞。如：He works well.
同義詞、近義詞、形似詞選擇錯誤
這裏舉一些常見的例子：
accept / receive, alive, living / lively, allow / let, alone / lonely,aloud / loudly, already / yet / still, also / too / either, number / amount /quantity, answer / reply, asleep / sleepy / sleeping, bring / take / fetch /carry, clothes / clothing, deep / deeply, cost / spend / take / pay, hard /hardly, high / highly, job / work, late / lately, lend / borrow, raise / rise,say / speak / tell / talk, sit / seat, sound / noise / voice
高一英語短文改錯知識點
缺一介詞
① 有些動詞後有時有介詞，有時沒有介詞，可能混淆而缺一介詞。如：attend a meeting, 但 attend ∧(to) thepatient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare∧ (for) the exam; join us, 但 join∧(in) agame.
② 表語形容詞通常具有動詞意義，很可能誤以爲是動詞而漏掉介詞。如：be afraid ∧(of) nothing, be present ∧(at)the meeting, be sure ∧(about) it。
③ except, instead of, from, since, till, until 後面可跟另一介詞詞組充當介詞賓語，可能會漏掉第 2個介詞。如：He came on foot instead of ∧ (by) bike. big bear ran out from ∧ (behind) atree.
④ hundreds, thousands 等後面可能漏掉 of。類似的還有millions ∧ (of), dozens ∧ (of),scores ∧ (of)
缺一連詞
① 漢語常用意合法，分句與分句之間往往不用連詞，但英語裏不行。如：
It began to rain, ∧ (and) they had to stop the match. (如果中間用分號可不用連詞)
It was late, ∧ (so) we went home.
You like sports, ∧ (while) I’d rather read.
He looked for the key, ∧ (but) didn’t find it.
② 受漢語影響，並列動詞詞組之間可能缺一個and。如：
She smiled ∧ (and) said good-bye to her father.
③ 名詞性從句 that分句置於句首或作同位語時不可缺少連詞。如：
∧ (That) she is beautiful is known to us all.
We heard the news ∧ (that) our team had won.
④ even 後可能缺少 if 或 though。如：
He walks as ∧ (if 或 though) he were drunk.
缺一代詞
① 充當定語從句主語的關係代詞不能缺少。如：
The accident ∧ (that) happened yesterday was very serious.
② 英語中用來替代前面的“the + 名詞”的 that(單數)和 those(複數)，在漢語中往往很可能漏掉。如：
The population of China is much larger than ∧ (that) of Japan.
These shirts are expensive, but∧ (those) which we saw the other day wereeven more expensive.
缺一助動詞或連繫動詞 be
① 表語不是名詞時，可能缺少連繫動詞 be，因爲漢語在這種情況下不用“是”。如：
He ∧ (is) afraid of his father.
The match ∧ (is) over.
② 被動語態中缺少助動詞 be，成了主動語態。如：
He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in English.
③ 完成體中缺少助動詞 have，成了一般過去時。如：
We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our way.
They ∧ (have) lived here since 1980.
④ 在倒裝句中缺少助動詞或情態動詞。如：
Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office alone.
Only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English well.
缺一冠詞
① 在 such 或 so + 形容詞與單數可數名詞連用時，不可缺 a (an)。如：
He is such ∧ (an) honest boy that all of us like him.
This is so good ∧ (a) book that I read it again.
② 表示“有些”時，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：
Don’t hurry. There is ∧ (a) little time left.
③ many 前有 great, good 時，要加 a。如：∧(a) great many people.若 many 後接單數名詞，中間須有 a(an)。如：Many ∧ (a) man has tried it before.
④ 一些不可數名詞前，有形容詞修飾表示“一種(場)等”時，要加 a (an)。如：
It’s ∧ (a) famous Chinese tea.
There was∧ (a) heavy rain last night.
⑤ 用專有名詞表示“一個像(叫)……的人”時，用 a (an), 如：
He wished to be ∧ (a) Lei Feng.
∧ (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.
⑥“形容詞比較級 + of the two…”前必須用 the。如：
He is ∧ (the) better one of the two.
缺小品詞 to
① 不定式充當各種成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：
She went there ∧ (to) see her mother.
He asked me not ∧ (to) go there.
I have something important ∧ (to) tell you.
② make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch等動詞變成被動語態時，充當主語補足語的不定式前的 to需還原。如：
She was made ∧ (to) do heavy work.
The blind man was seen ∧ (to) cross the street.
