網絡課堂之美語思維(4)講解錄音和筆記

第五部分 TALK SHOW

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Talk show 是美國很著名的電視節目，從中可以看到美國人的思路和表達方式。

關於主持人Larry King的介紹：

著名主持人。When Laryy King is listening, everyone is talking. 他的語言掌控能力極好，他一旦發問，別人就會覺得不能不說，不能不去回答他的問題，激起被訪者的表達慾望。美國人或許不知道美國總統是誰，可能換屆了什麼的，但是Larry是無人不曉的，一棵常青樹。

背景介紹：泰瑞·安德森（Terry Anderson）先生在美國是個名人，但他的成名之路是其他任何人都不想效仿的——被恐怖分子長時間地扣爲人質，從而引起世界震驚。該綁架事件發生在 1985 年 3 月 6 日的貝魯特。安德森先生和其他美國人質一起被恐怖分子囚禁長達2454 天。在此期間，其妹Peggy 爲他和其他美國人質的獲釋奔走呼籲。與此形成鮮明對比的是，安德森的日裔妻子也是在其被綁架期間與其辦理離婚手續的。以下的採訪是在安德森先生獲釋 4 個月後進行的。

Terry Anderson became famous in a way nobody wants to be: as the U.S. hostage held longest by Islamic terrorists. The AP journalist was kidnapped on March 16, 1985, in Beirut. He would remain captive for 2,454 days. During this period, Anderson’s sister, Peggy say, worked tirelessly to keep the plight of her brother and other hostages before the American people.

At the time of his abduction, Anderson was in the process of divorcing his wife, having fallen in love with a young woman who was pregnant with his child. During his captivity, Anderson’s father and brother died, and his daughter, Sulome, was born. This interview took place four months after his release.

在下一段對話中，安德森先生描述了在經歷了六年半的囚禁生活之後，對自由的感受——有些不知所措。此時心理醫生正在給他治療：

Larry king: After nearly seven years in ⑴ captivity in Beirut, former hostage Terry Anderson is home, released last December—walked straight into ⑵ a hero’s welcome. And now, after four months of rest with his family, Terry is able to ⑶ recount the details of his imprisonment. And we welcome to Larry King live—a program that didn’t exist when Terry was this program is six and a half years old—well, we’re going to be seven years old June first—and you were taken what date?

l 從故事拉回現場

l ⑴ captivity：the state or period of being imprisoned, confined, or enslaved 囚禁（期）被監禁、限制或奴役的 狀態或時間。 E.g. ： They were in captivity for a week.

l ⑵ hero’s welcome: 受到英雄般的歡迎。

l ⑶ recount: to narrate the facts or particulars of 重述。E.g.：He recounted all the happenings of the day.

Terry Anderson: March 16, 1985.

Lk：We started June 16, 1985. You just missed us, Terry. You could have been here for the—those are the breaks of the game.

l those are the breaks of the game.

生活、遊戲的斷裂，美國把什麼都當成一個GAME，把規矩立好，然後開始一個競爭的遊戲；小布什曾經說伊拉克總統的時候，說the game is over, 當時希拉剋說道the war is not a game, 這是歐美的差別

Ta：What can I say? Yes.

Lk：What was the—for want of a better term—⑷ weirdest or most difficult thing about freedom after imprisonment?

l ⑷ weirdest:of a strikingly odd or unusual character; strange：最莫名其妙的，最奇怪的。

l 當Terry不知道如何繼續的時候，Larry立刻直接切入美國人都很關注的一個話題freedom，在一個這麼重視自由的社會，你突然失去了，會有什麼感受，直接點出話題；這種提問要比僅僅問他感受如何要好）

Ta：Well, weirdest—I mean, you can imagine what it’s like to try—to all of a sudden be put back in charge of your life. *I mean, I had virtually no decisions to make for a very long time, and all of a sudden I’ve got a million decisions to make—some of them minor, some of them important. I think the most difficulty I had at the beginning was with the minor decisions.

l *I mean, I had virtually no decisions to make for a very long time, and all of a sudden I’ve got a million decisions to make—some of them minor, some of them important.

在 Larry 問 Terry 他被釋放以後， 對自由最不適應的是什麼時，Terry 給了我們上面的回答。美國人對自由是第一位的要求；一個人如果被剝奪了自由，那將是最可怕的一件事。對自由我們可以具體地理解成自由地做決定、自由地思考等，某種程度上它體現了一個人掌握生活的能力。

Lk：Like?

l Like,表示請他列舉，挖掘minor decision的內涵

Ta：I was very disorganized. You know, an ordinary person has a lot of skills that he’s developed over the years in just kind of managing his day—when to get up, shaving, where he put his tie, where his wallet is, what he’s got to do next, keeping appointments, that kind of thing. I just couldn’t keep anything organized. I was late. I think in Wiesbaden we were there—what? Five, six days? I was late for every single appointment I had. I couldn’t get myself organized worth a darn. Now, I write everything down. I’m getting better at it.

l 豎線型思維無法繼續的時候，LK決定從另一個方面去挖掘話題。

Lk：Waking up the first morning of freedom: is there a ⑸ disbelief about it when you’re held that long?

l ⑸ disbelief: refusal or reluctance to believe. 難以置信 E.g.：He gives me a look of Disbelief.

Ta：Well, I don’t know. I wouldn’t call it disbelief.

Lk：I mean, it’s got to be—

Ta：It’s incredible. I mean, the emotional high was just—was just enormous. I spent those first few days just kind of bathing in love, I guess you could say. I had my lady and my daughter, and my family around me. And it wasn’t incredible; I was just enjoying it. I was just having a great time.

l disbelief 從內心不敢相信，更像做夢一樣，被迫的，更negative

l Incredible adj. 口語，難以置信的；有一種興奮感，真的難以置信，但是我確實相信

Lk：Have ⑹ psychologists talked to you?

l ⑹ psychologists 心理學家。

l 心裏學家在美國是倍受重視的，這方面中國也在不斷重視起來。

Ta：Yes.

Lk：And have they discussed with you what might be the most difficult aspect of all of this?

Ta：Well, *we had two psychiatrists—royal air force men, actually, strangely enough—that is the AP borrowed from Britain. They treated the British hostages. They were also specialists in hostage⑺ POW/decompression things－very, very wonderful men. In fact, one of them happened to be in the states last night. We spent some time with him, just chatting. And excellent people. They knew what they were about and, because they were so nice and so easy to talk to, they did an awful lot for us. Mainly, what they talked about—what they urged on us were priorities.

l *we had two psychiatrists

美國是個競爭非常激烈的社會，人人的心理壓力都是巨大的，心理治療非常必要。在美國，心理學是個熱門專業，心理學醫生是倍受社會尊重的職業。正如對話中所反映出來，美國人認爲，一個人只有在自由的環境中成長才能擁有正常的心態；否則，就一定要讓心理醫生幫助你。

l ⑺ POW/decompression 戰俘/康復治療。 POW是 abbr. 戰俘 (prisoner of war)

l priority n. 優先權

Lk：Meaning?

Ta: Meaning, when you get out from a thing like that, the world is pretty confusing, and it goes pretty fast. And there are a lot of people ⑻ tugging at you and a lot of things you want to do, let alone the things people want you to do. And they said—the first thing they said was,” Get away. Get away. Go off by yourself. You know what’s important.” *I know what’s important—my family. That’s number one, far ahead of anything else. So we went away for three months and spent that time being together, getting to know each other again, and working out things. There were other problems. There are readjustments to be made by everybody. I mean, Madeleine, my fiancée, was unhappily independent for seven years, leading her own life, making her own decisions. She had to. And now, all of a sudden, I’m back, and we’ve got to make decisions together again.

l 這裏priority不是優先權的意思，而是指你優先要考慮的事情

l ⑻ tug at：奮鬥, 努力; 掙扎拉扯。 E.g.：We tug at the oar.

l *I know what’s important—my family.

這句話的重點不是我們所想的“家庭第一”，而是“我知道什麼是重要的”。美國人的個人觀念永遠是第一位的，這和中國人的家庭、集體利益第一的思想有很大區別。從Terry 後面的對話內容我們可以看出，即使是一家子，在分開很久之後，也要重新進行溝通，逐一步建立個人與個人的關係，美國人對此很敏感，也會很直率地告訴別人自己的不適應等，這點與中國人有很大的區別。我們中國人也很敏感，只不過我們通常隱藏自己的感受。

l 重點：美國人的豎線型的思維方式。

第六部分 PRESENTATION OF CELEBRITY

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presentation的邏輯結構：觀點要清晰明瞭，並放在第一位，然後詳細敘述支持這個觀點的理由和原因，最後進行總結。所有的語言都要和這個邏輯結構相配。

安德魯·卡內基（Andrew Carnegie）：美國著名的鋼鐵大王。幼時家境貧寒，靠個人努力和奮鬥而發跡，是“美國夢”的典型。晚年，他捐資圖書館事業。下面是他在June 23, 1885 對柯里商學院畢業生的講話節選，題目是 The Road to Success。

The Road to Success

It is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon then at the very threshold of their career. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and jam tresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of a business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. The other day a fond fashionable mother in Michigan asked a young man whether he had ever seen a young lady sweep in a room so grandly as her Priscilla. He said no, he never had, and the mother was gratified beyond measure, but then said he, after a pause,” what I should like to see her do is sweep out a room.” It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary. I was one of those sweepers myself.

l 他在第一段裏就表明了自己的觀點：年輕人就應該從最底層，從屬的地位做起。

l 這個觀點之後，就要展開了。使用了很多例證。

Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is” aim high.” I would not give a fig for the young man who does not already see himself the partner of the head of an important firm. Do not rest content for a moment in your thoughts as head clerk, or foreman, or general manager in any concern, no matter how extensive. Say to yourself,” my place is at the top.” Be king in your dreams.

And here is the prime condition of success the great secret: concentrate your energy, thought, and capital exclusively upon the business in which you are engaged. Having begun in one line, resolve to fight it out on that line, to lead in it, adopt every improvement, have the best machinery, and know the most about it.

The concerns which fail are those which have scattered their capital, which means that they have scattered their brains also. They have investments in this, of that, or the other, here, there, and everywhere.” Don’t put all your eggs in one basket” is all wrong. I tell you” put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket.” Look around you and take notice; men who do that do not often fail. It is easy to watch and carry the one basket. It is trying to carry too many baskets that break most eggs in this country. He who carries three baskets must put one on his head, which is apt to tumble and trip him up. One fault of the American businessman is lack of concentration.

To summarize what I have said: aim for the highest, never enter a bar room; do not touch liquor, or if at all only at meals; concentrate; put all your eggs in one basket, and watch that basket; lastly be not impatient, for, as Emerson says,” no one can cheat you out of ultimate success but yourselves.”

l 最後一段進行總結。

l To summarize what I said: 是一個很好的結尾方式

解 析

從這篇充滿經驗之談的演講中，我們感到了這位老人的力量。他以自己的事例向世人昭示了他實現美國夢的祕訣。來美國的人多數都抱有這樣或那樣的夢想，在如何實現夢想的問題上，卡內基先生說出了他著名的人生經驗“put all your eggs in one basket, and then watch that basket.”

第七部分 SELF EXPRESSION

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下面是美國某演員對自身生活、工作感受的表述。該篇文章的重點：一、掌握道地的美國口語表達，包括句型和文字背後的感覺、激情、情緒等；二、掌握美國普通人在表達自己經歷時所採用的一些邏輯順序，包括對故事細節的描述。學習此篇的方法是在老師指導下，反覆誦讀充滿感覺和激情的句型，把自己的感情加進去，使之成爲自己的表述方式。最後試將全文翻譯成口語化的漢語。

要從本篇文章中學習：

1.語言表達的情緒和人性的表達方式；

2.如何描述一個故事。

中美在描述上的差異：

1. 中國人注重時間順序和事情發展的自然順序；point往往放在最後；

2. 美國人把point放在最前面，細節分析緊跟其後。

邏輯思維結構：

1. background information: who, when, where

2. 故事主題：what happened

3. 細節描述

4. 講述故事的原因：why

Actor

I did this commercial in ‘64. A thing called Byrrh on the Rocks. I have a citation. They have festivals for commercials. Isn’t that laughable? It won five international awards—in Cannes, in Dublin, in Hollywood, in New York, in London. The goddamn thing was a local commercial. I walk in the bar and ask for Byrrh on the rocks. Every body turns and laughs and looks at me. The bartender…it was played in every station, day and night.

l Goddamn 粗話，他媽的；一般美語用粗口都是在玩世不恭的態度下或者非常生氣的時候。

l Give a damn for someone = care 照顧，照看；它通常不用在肯定句中； I won’t give a damn for you! 憤怒下說的話

l What is bartender? ( 調酒員)

A kind of person who serve you the drinks in the bar, usually it is a guy who can perform and show you how do cocktail or something like that.

This commercial became so successful that I couldn’t walk down the street. I now know what it’s like to be famous, and I don’t want it. I couldn’t walk down the street. I’d be mobbed. People would grab me,” hey, Byrrh on the rocks! You’re the guy!” They’d pin me against the wall and the guy would say to his wife,” Hey, look whom I got here!” I once got out of the subway at Times Square and a guy grabbed me and slammed me against the wall. Crowds of people gathered around. My wife was terrified. They were all screaming,” Byrrh on the rocks!” because of that little TV box.

l Mob 圍攻

They don’t know your name but once they see your face, you’re so familiar, you belong in their home. It really was terrifying, but I enjoyed it very much. It was great. It was like being a short Rock Hudson. Sure, there’s a satisfaction. I like a certain amount of it. I enjoy having people say complimentary things. I’m a gregarious person. I stop and tell them anything they want to know about making commercial, about the business and so on. But at times it does interfere with your life.

l gregarious adj. 社交的，羣居的 = people person 口語，好熱鬧的人

I took a vacation. I went down to San Juan. There’s nobody in San Juan but New Yorkers. I wouldn’t go to the beach. The minute I stepped out, somebody would say,” Hey! Hey! Don’t I know you? Ain’t you the guy…?” In the early days of live TV they couldn’t figure out where they knew you from. Some guy would say, “Hey, you from Buffalo?” I’d say,” No.”“ Well, goddamn, there’s a guy in my home town looks just like you.” I’d say,” Did you ever watch” T Men in Action” or” the Big Story” on TV?”“ Oh yeah! You’re the guy!”

I came out of a movie house one day. I hadn’t gone more than few feet when two guys moved in on me, pushed me against the wall. I thought I was being held up. They flashed badges. They were detectives. One said,” Would you mind coming back into the lobby?” I said,” What for?”“ We’d like to talk to you.” So they moved me back and there was a woman, screaming.” That’s him, he’s the one!” Somebody had stolen her purse in the movie house and she fingered me. I played a gangster on TV in those days. The boss would say,” Hey, Shorty, do this.” And I’d say, “Yeah boss.” They were all alike. I asked the women if she had seen” T Men in Action” on Thursday. This was Saturday.” Oh, my God,” she said,” That’s where I saw you.”

l hold up 搶劫

l What for? 爲什麼？

l 文中用了很多直接引語來增加文章的精彩程度

l shorty n. 矮子，窮鬼（貶義）

People still come up to me, even to this day. They’re generally very polite. They say,” Excuse me, I don’t mean to impose, I just want to tell you that I enjoy your commercials very much.” Every once in a while I run into somebody who says,” I saw you in The Great Sebastian,” or,” I saw you in Cactus Flower.” But everybody doesn’t go to the theater. Everybody has television. People ask for my autograph on the street, anywhere. Quite often someone will say he saw me in such and such a play. But it’s really the commercials.

l run into 碰巧碰見某人,相當於happen to see；

l I ran into my old flame on the street. 我在街上看到了我的前男/女朋友。

l autograph n. 親筆簽名

l such and such 某某

I’m a working actor. If you want to work, you have to do everything. To me, acting is a craft, a way of life. I have never been obsessed with the sickening drive inside to become a star. Possibly it’s because I came into it very late in life. I was thirty-seven years old when I became a professional actor. I was a little more realistic about life. I knew the percentage of somebody who is five feet six and a half inches tall, who is dark and ethnic looking. The chances of becoming a star were quite remote. I’ve conditioned myself not to want it, because the odds against it are too great.

l working actor 忙於工作的演員； big wig 大腕 （wig，假髮，在英國假髮越大，地位越高）

l a way of life 生活方式；My way of life has nothing to do with you.

l sickening 令人討厭的

l the odds 差異

Since I came to New York, I’ve never been out of work. I’ve had only one relatively poor period, because my face became too familiar in television commercials. Where it got kinds lean, you begin to wonder if maybe you’ve gotten too old or whether you’re worn-out. Through all these years, I went from one thing into another. I’d finish a play; there’d be a movie. In-between there’d be TV plays, there’d be commercials. I’ve signed with an office; all they do is TV commercials. Financially I’m not concerned. I have a little better than a hundred grand in the market. I want to go live in Mexico, but who wants to stop working?

l out of work 失業，離開工作，相當於unemployed

l kinds 有點，有些

l worn-out 舊的，破的，累的

l in-between 在此期間

l grand 千，口語中相當於thousand

If you’re not a star, there is humiliation and degradation—if you allow it to happen to you. People who do the hiring can be very rude at times. You don’t find that too much in the theater, because the theater still has a certain nicety to it. You find it in TV commercial casting. They’re deluged. Many people, having seen the commercial, say,” Hell, I could do that.” You take a guy playing a truck driver. So a truck driver says,” Hell, I can do that.” It’s always been an overcrowded field simply because there was never enough work for actors. Residuals, that’s the thing that’s kept actors going through the years when there wasn’t any work.

l humiliation n. 羞辱，蒙恥

l hell 見鬼去吧 go to hell 去一邊兒吧

l residual adj. 剩餘的，殘留的

I recently auditioned for a thing I’ll know about Monday. We go to Florida to shoot. It’s a comedy thing. He’s the king of gypsies and he’s talking about this particular rent-a-car system of trucks. There was a fella ahead of me who had a great handlebar mustache and a big thick head of hair. He looked like the most gorgeous gypsy in the world. My only hope is that this guy couldn’t read—and he couldn’t. So I went in there with all the confidence in the world, ‘cause I do all these cheesy accents. My agent called that they were all exited. I’ll know on Monday.

l audition 試演，試聽

l shoot 拍攝 shoot a movie; shoot a photo

l handlebar n. 濃重的鬍子

l fella n. 俚語，夥伴，夥計，小夥子（fellow）

l 競爭的時候，美國人很願意把自己的強項展現出來。

l 競爭使美國人很外向，很aggressive

I have one I’m shooting Tuesday for a bank. They called up and said.” Do you happen to have a derby?” I have one but I’ve never had the nerve to wear it. So I went to the audition with the derby on. And I had a pinstriped gray suit with a weskit. I was exactly what they wanted. I vacillate from little French or Italians, little Maitre d’s to an elegant banker to a wild gypsy. These accents—in radio they called it” Continental.”

l derby 黑色的圓形禮帽

l had the nerve to do something = have the guts to do something

l pinstripe 細條紋的禮服

Thursday I went up to Syracuse, another fella and I. We did a commercial for a little home snowplow. We’re out in this freezing, bitter cold. We spent from eight in the morning till five at night out in the snow. We were neighbors. He was shoveling snow and I came out of my garage, very dapper, with a derby on. I flip up the garage door and bring out my little machine and push the button and it starts. I do a debonair throw with the scarf. As I pass him with my little motorized snow cleaner, he looks up and I give him an up-yours, one-upman-ship. And that’s the commercial. We had a hell of a good time all day long. You would think it’d be murder in the cold snow, but we enjoyed it very much. The difference between this and theater is it’s over in one day and it’s more pinpointed. But it’s still acting.

l dapper adj. 整潔的，整齊的，短小精悍的

l up-yours 紳士的招手

l had a hell of a good time 過得真痛快，真愉快

l pinpointed 針對性很強

I used to think to myself. This is not a life. A man ought to be something more important, ought to be a doctor or a lawyer or something that does something for other people. To be an actor is to be a selfish person. It’s a matter of ego. I think. Many actors make the mistake of thinking this is life. I have in recent years found my work somewhat meaningful. So many people have stopped me on the street and said,“ I can’t tell you how much I enjoy what you’ve done.” If, for a moment or two, he can turn on his TV set and see you in a show or a commercial and it makes him a little happier—I think that’s important.

l a matter of ego 自我的事情

I think of myself as someone who’s rational, who isn’t wild—except when I get certain comedic things to do. It is something bigger than life, it’s still rooted in truth, but it’s just a little bit larger. Rather than play comedy with a capital C. I love to find the qualities in a person, in a character, that are alive and human—even in a commercial.

l C． 指戲劇的時候都會打上C.

l 同學們注意：1. 將老師口語化的東西成爲自己的表達方式； 2. 在描述故事時的邏輯思維狀態。