早起鳥還是夜貓子？工作時間適應生物鐘使人更高效

按照生物節律，人們可以被分成兩類：早上容易興奮的人和晚上容易興奮的人，也就是“早起鳥”和“夜貓子”。“早起鳥”在早上的自控力更高，而“夜貓子”的黃金時間則在晚上。想要員工工作效率更高的老闆們，是時候調整一下每位員工的工作時間了。

If you're not a Morning person, chances are you've tried arguing with your boss to try and start work later.
如果你不喜歡早起，那麼你可能試着和老闆爭論過，想要每天晚些開始工作。

And now, new research has confirmed your long-held belief. You really would be better off having some extra time in bed.
而現在，一項新研究證實了你一直以來的信念。早上多睡一會兒確實讓你狀態更好。

Bosses would have much more productive employees if they were allowed to do their job during their peak hours, scientists suggest.
科學家表示，如果老闆允許員工在各自的“高峯時間”工作，員工的工作效率會提高不少。

This depends on what time someone functions best at, be it a morning person or a so-called 'night owl', according to University of Sydney researchers.
悉尼大學的研究人員稱，這取決於人們在什麼時間更有活力，是喜歡早起的人，還是“夜貓子”。

study author Stefan Volk told the Sydney Morning Herald that making work flexible to each person's body clock would be more efficient.
研究報告的作者斯蒂芬-沃爾克告訴《悉尼先驅晨報》，讓工作靈活適應人體的生物鐘規律會讓人更高效。

He said: 'These physiological differences matter a lot in the work context and we have to understand how it affects teams.
他說：“在工作環境中，這些生理差異非常重要，我們要明白它對團隊有怎樣的影響。”

'When people are different, it can be positive or negative depending on the specific task they are performing.
“當人們的生物鐘有差異時，這對人們的影響是積極還是消極，取決於他們所從事的特定工作任務。”

'If members of a surgical team are different chronotypes, that is not ideal.'
“如果外科團隊的成員睡眠類型有差異，那就不太妙了。”

Circadian rhythm, also known as the internal body clock, control everyone's periods of activity and rest.
生理節律也稱爲體內生物鐘，控制着每個人活躍和休息的週期。

The researchers used this information to determine the 'chronotype diversity' of the volunteers in the study.
研究人員利用這一信息來確定研究中受試者的“睡眠類型多樣性”。

They noted how the productivity levels of the workers were completely dependent on this.
他們注意到，員工的工作效率水平完全取決於此。

In their study, they came across three types of employees, suited best to either morning, evening or intermediate shifts.
在研究中，他們遇到了三種類型的員工，分別在早晨、晚間或者中間時段狀態最佳。

The latter were defined as those whose work output reached maximum levels at around midday. After assessing how this affects the performance of a team, they found it to have negative effects in a workplace.
中間時段指的是工作成效在午間達到高峯的人。在評估了這如何影響團隊表現之後，他們發現這在工作場所也有負面影響。

Mismatched circadian rhythms were noted to affect coordination, potentially dangerous for those who work in teams, such as surgeons.
他們注意到，不匹配的晝夜節律會影響工作配合，對團隊成員可能有危險，比如，外科醫生。

However, in some occupations, where sustained attention is required, it could be beneficial for employees.
然而在一些需要持續集中注意力的職業中，這種配合可能對員工非常有利。

The findings were published in the journal the Academy of Management Review.
這項研究成果發表在《管理學會評審》期刊上。