英國擬出臺新規 未滿18歲不能在社交媒體點贊
在社交網站上給熱帖點贊是再平常不過的一件事了，然而最近英國有一項新規提議，未滿18歲的用戶將不能在臉書及Instagram等社交媒體上給喜歡的帖子點贊，以使他們免遭社交網絡帶來的負面影響。
這對於“點贊黨”來說，可是個壞消息。
Instagram and Facebook likes could be banned for young people, under new rules that attempt to protect children's safety on the internet.
英國出臺保護未成年人網絡安全新規定，今後未成年人將不能在Ins和臉書上點贊。
A new report from the British Information Commissioner's Office suggests that those features and other techniques that "nudge" users into engaging with the site should be switched off. The features encourage them to stay online longer and so could damage their well being, the major report suggests.
英國信息專員辦公室的一份最新報告建議，這些迫使用戶沉迷於社交網絡的功能和其他技術應向未成年人關閉。這些網絡功能鼓勵未成年人花更多時間上網，對身心健康不利。
The report also suggests that such features should be banned entirely on websites that can't be sure whether or not their users are under-18. The suggested rules on likes are just one of a whole range of wide-ranging changes to the way social media sites could work.
這份報告還建議說，如果網站無法確定使用者的年齡是否小於18歲，應全面禁止這些功能。關於社交網站點讚的規定只是一系列社交網絡新規的一部分。
The changes have already been attacked by critics who suggested they were patronizing and could end with everyone being treated as children.
這些新規被批評人士抨擊，他們認爲這些規定是在監視所有人，最終會導致每個人都被當做兒童一樣對待。
The code, which begins its consultation process on Monday and is hailed as an international benchmark, suggests 16 standards that online services must meet.
這項準則提出了16項互聯網服務必須遵守的標準，被視爲國際性參考準則，在本週一進入諮詢程序。
These include that settings must be set to "high privacy" by default without a compelling reason and that only the minimum amount of personal data should be collected.
其中包括，在沒有不可抗拒的理由的情況下，社交媒體的默認設置必須是“高度隱私”等級，且只能收集用戶最少量的個人信息。
by default：默認情況下
Nudge techniques should also not be used to encourage children to turn off privacy techniques or provide unnecessary personal data, the code says.
另外，社交網絡不得使用推送技術來鼓勵兒童關閉隱私功能，或提供不必要的個人信息。
nudge[nʌdʒ]：n.推動；沒完沒了抱怨的人
Information Commissioner Elizabeth Denham said: "This is the connected generation. The internet and all its wonders are hardwired into their everyday lives.
信息專員伊麗莎白-德漢姆說：“這是互聯的一代，互聯網及其吸引人的產品與他們的日常生活密不可分。”
"We shouldn't have to prevent our children from being able to use it, but we must demand that they are protected when they do. This code does that."
“我們不應該禁止孩子們使用互聯網，但我們必須要求他們在上網時受到保護。這一準則就是爲了這個目的出臺的。”
Welcoming the proposals, the NSPCC said social networks had "continually failed to prioritize child safety in their design" resulting in "tragic consequences".
英國全國防止虐待兒童學會對這項提議表示歡迎，並稱社交網絡“一直沒能在設計中優先考慮兒童安全”，導致“悲劇性後果”。
"That's why it is vital this code requires children to be given the highest privacy settings by default and forces firms to act in the best interest of children," the charity's associate head of child safety online, Andy Burrows, said.
該學會兒童網絡安全副部長安迪-巴羅斯說：“這也是爲什麼新規要求兒童有最高等級的默認隱私設置如此重要，這促使各公司的產品符合兒童的最大利益。”
Beeban Kidron, chairwoman of the 5Rights Foundation, said the code represents "the beginning of a new deal between children and the tech sector".
5權利基金會的主席比班-基德龍說，這一新規代表着“兒童與科技公司之間‘新政’的開端。”
"For too long we have failed to recognize children's rights and needs online, with tragic outcomes," she said.
她說：“長久以來，我們都忽視了兒童的網絡權利和需求，導致了悲劇性的後果。”
"I firmly believe in the power of technology to transform lives, be a force for good and rise to the challenge of promoting the rights and safety of our children.
“我堅信科技改變生活的力量，這是一種向好的力量，能應對提升兒童權利和安全的挑戰。”
"But in order to fulfill that role, it must consider the best interests of children, not simply its own commercial interests.
“但爲了實現這個目標，必須要考慮孩子們的最大利益，而不是僅僅考慮商業利益。”
"That is what the code will require online services to do. This is a systemic change."
“這也是新規要求互聯網公司去做的，這是一個系統性的改變。”
The ICO's draft code was not universally welcomed, with the Adam Smith Institute saying it should be up to parents to keep their children safe online.
英國信息專員辦公室的這項草案也受到一些非議，亞當斯密協會稱，保證孩子的網絡安全是家長的責任。
The think tank's head of research, Matthew Lesh, criticized the proposal to set privacy settings at their highest by default.
這家智庫的研究負責人馬修-樂什批評了設置隱私默認最高等級的建議。
He said: "The ICO is an unelected quango introducing draconian limitations on the internet with the threat of massive fines.
他說：“英國信息專員辦公室是一家未經選舉產生的半官方機構，卻以鉅額罰款爲威脅引入如此嚴苛的網絡限制。”
quango ['kwæŋɡo]：n.半官方機構
draconian[drə'konɪən]：adj.嚴厲的，苛刻的
"It is ridiculous to infantilize people and treat everyone as children."
“把每個人都當小孩子一樣看待極其愚蠢。”
infantilize[ɪn'fæntɪlaɪz]：vt.使幼兒化；將當作幼兒對待
The consultation is out until May 31 and the final version is expected to come into effect by 2020.
諮詢期將至5月31日截止，最終版規定將在2020年開始實施。
