紓困烏克蘭尚缺150億美元
The International Monetary Fund has identified a $15bn shortfall in its bailout for war-torn Ukraine and warned western governments the gap will need to be filled within weeks to avoid financial collapse.
國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)認爲，要想爲飽受戰火摧殘的烏克蘭紓困，還需150億美元資金。該組織警告西方國家政府，這一資金缺口必須在幾周內補上，才能讓烏克蘭避免財政崩潰。
The IMF’s calculations lay bare the perilous state of Ukraine’s economy and hint at the financial burden of propping up Kiev as it battles Russian-backed separatist rebels in its eastern regions.
IMF的估算暴露了烏克蘭經濟的險惡局面，並間接顯示出烏克蘭在與東部分裂分子叛軍作戰的同時，維持政府運轉所需的財政負擔。The additional cash needed would come on top of the $17bn IMF rescue announced in April and due to last until 2016. Senior western officials involved in the talks said there is only tepid support for such a sizeable increase at a time Kiev has dragged its feet over the economic and administrative reforms required by the programme.
這些烏克蘭急需的額外資金並不屬於今年4月IMF公佈的170億美元援助計劃之列，這一援助計劃會持續到2016年。參與磋商的資深西方官員表示，由於烏克蘭在經濟和政府改革方面一拖再拖，對於增加如此規模的資金援助，只有少數國家表示支持。
“It’s not going to be easy,” said one official involved in the talks. “There’s not that much money out there.”
一位參與磋商的官員表示：“這事並不容易。現有資金沒那麼多。”People briefed on the IMF warning said the fiscal gap has opened up because of a 7 per cent contraction in Ukraine’s gross domestic product and a collapse in exports to Russia, the country’s biggest trading partner, leading to massive capital outflows and a rundown in central bank reserves.
瞭解IMF這一警告的知情人士表示，出現這一財政缺口，一方面是由於烏克蘭國內生產總值(GDP)萎縮了7%，另一方面則是由於烏克蘭對其最大貿易伙伴俄羅斯的出口急劇下跌，從而導致資金大量外流及央行外匯儲備減少。The breakaway regions of the east accounted for nearly 16 per cent of Ukraine’s economic output before the start of hostilities.
在開戰之前，東部分離地區的經濟產出佔到烏克蘭經濟總產出的近16%。Without additional aid, Kiev would have to massively slash its budget or be forced to default on its sovereign debt obligations. Since the bailout programme began in April, Ukraine has received $8.2bn in funding from the IMF and other international creditors.
如果得不到額外援助，烏克蘭政府將不得不大規模削減預算，或被迫對主權債務違約。自今年4月紓困計劃開始以來，烏克蘭政府已收到IMF及其他國際債權人發放的82億美元資金。
