匯豐宣佈全球重整計劃 裁員五萬

LONDON — The British bank HSBC, in a major revamping of its global strategy, said on Tuesday that it would shed as many as 50,000 jobs as it sells several underperforming businesses, reduces the size of its global investment banking business and aims to cut billions of dollars in costs.

倫敦——週二，正在大規模重整全球戰略的英國匯豐銀行表示，公司將出售一些業績不佳的業務，縮小全球投資銀行業務規模，削減數十億美元的開銷，在此過程中將會裁減多達五萬個工作崗位。

The bank said it would eliminate 22,000 to 25,000 full-time jobs, or about 10 percent of its work force, through restructuring by the end of 2017. It also plans to reduce its head count by an additional 25,000 positions through the sale of its underperforming businesses in Turkey and Brazil.

匯豐銀行表示，在2017年底前將通過結構調整削減2.2萬至2.5萬個全職崗位，即減少10%左右的勞動力。公司還計劃通過出售在土耳其和巴西的業績的不佳業務，再額外減少2.5萬個崗位。

HSBC said that it would increase its investment in Asia, where it generates more than half of its earnings, while it seeks to cut costs by up to $5 billion annually within two years. The bank said it would complete a review of whether to move its headquarters from Britain by the end of the year.

匯豐銀行表示將提高其在亞洲的投資，公司超過一半的收入都來源於這裏，但他們仍希望在未來兩年內每年削減高達50億美元支出，並稱在年底會評估決定是否將總部搬離英國。

Stuart Gulliver, the bank’s chief executive, is under pressure to satisfy investors amid recent scandals that have damaged the lender’s reputation and as HSBC faces an increasingly challenging regulatory environment in Britain and across the globe.

匯豐銀行首席執行官歐智華(Stuart Gulliver)爲了能讓投資者滿意，正面臨巨大壓力。最近的醜聞損害了銀行的名譽，同時銀行在英國和全球範圍內也面臨愈發嚴格的監管環境。

The bank, which has operations in 73 countries and territories, has exited dozens of underperforming businesses in recent years as it looks to cut costs and reduce its risk.

業務遍及世界73個國家和地區的匯豐銀行爲了削減開支、降低風險，最近幾年已經終止了數十個業績不佳的業務。

Investors did not seem impressed on Tuesday, with the bank’s shares down about 1.2 percent in late-morning trading in London. The stock value has fallen about 2.5 percent over the past year.

但週二，投資者們並沒有表現出多大興趣，匯豐銀行在倫敦早盤末段股價也下跌了約1.2%。過去一年股票價值已下跌2.5%。

“This was not the massive shake-up some investors had been hoping for,” Chirantan Barua, an analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein, said in a research note. HSBC “has failed to bring out anything radically different from moves which have been widely expected for some months now.”

“這些舉措並不是一些投資者所期待的巨大變革，”桑福德·伯恩斯坦公司(Sanford C. Bernstein)分析師奇蘭坦·巴魯阿(Chirantan Barua)在一份研究摘要中指出。匯豐銀行“沒有什麼非常出人意料的決定，各方几個月前就預料到了這些舉措”。

Raul Sinha and Vivek Gautam, analysts at JPMorgan Chase, said in a research note that it was positive that the bank was taking actions to shrink its low-return businesses, but that “the changes announced are unlikely to positively impact earnings estimates.”

摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)的分析師勞爾·辛哈(Raul Sinha)和維維克· 高塔姆(Vivek Gautam)在一份研究摘要中說，銀行採取行動縮減低迴報率業務是積極舉措，但是“已公佈的變動不太可能對收益估值產生明顯影響”。

The plans announced on Tuesday are the second major job reductions at HSBC since Mr. Gulliver became chief executive in 2011. A number of the bank’s rivals, including Barclays, Credit Suisse and Royal Bank of Scotland, have announced similar plans to reduce the size of their work forces and exit higher risk businesses.

週二宣佈的計劃是2011年歐智華上任首席執行官後，匯豐銀行第二次大幅裁員。匯豐銀行的部分競爭對手，包括巴克萊(Barclays)、瑞士信貸(Credit Suisse)和蘇格蘭皇家銀行(Royal Bank of Scotland)在內，都已宣佈類似的計劃以削減僱員數量，終止高風險業務。

HSBC said that it expected about 12,000 to 13,000 of the job cuts to result from streamlining and automating processes at the bank. An additional 7,000 to 8,000 were expected to come from closing branches and eliminating back office functions as more banking shifts online and to mobile devices. HSBC expects to reduce its number of branches by 12 percent.

匯豐銀行預計有1.2萬至1.3萬個崗位的削減是通過銀行的精簡和自動化來實現的。由於越來越多的銀行業務向網絡和移動設備上轉移，還有7000至8000個崗位削減將來自關閉分行和裁撤後臺部門。匯豐銀行預計，分行數量將減少12%。

About 8,000 of the job cuts are expected in Britain, where HSBC employs about 46,000 people.

在英國，匯豐銀行僱傭了約4.6萬人，據預計本次將有約8000人在這裏被裁減。

HSBC cut about 37,000 jobs from 2011 to 2014, but it has not benefited as much as it had hoped from the move because costs associated with regulatory compliance skyrocketed in recent years and its returns in Asia were disappointing.

在2011年至2014年間，匯豐銀行曾削減約3.7萬個職位，但公司並未從這項舉措中獲得預計好處。爲符合監管規定而產生的成本近年來急劇增加，公司在亞洲的收益也不甚理想。

The lender spent more than $11 billion on regulatory and compliance charges in the past four years as it faced a number of investigations and agreed to a series of settlements related to accusations of money laundering and the rigging of foreign exchange markets.

過去四年中，由於面臨許多調查，並且同意了一些有關洗錢和操縱外匯市場指控的和解協議，匯豐銀行在監管合規方面的花費超過了110億美元。

The bank has also faced recent inquiries into its small Swiss private bank operation, as prosecutors examine whether it helped wealthy clients evade taxes.

最近其下屬小型瑞士私人銀行的運營也面臨調查，檢方正檢查該銀行是否存在幫助富有客戶避稅的行爲。

The overhaul of the HSBC was announced just days after Deutsche Bank said its co-chief executives, Anshu Jain and Jürgen Fitschen, would resign. Deutsche Bank has faced pressure from investors as its legal and regulatory costs have risen drastically in recent years.

在匯豐宣佈裁員計劃的幾天前，德意志銀行剛剛宣佈其聯席首席執政官安舒·賈恩(Anshu Jain)和于爾根·菲辰(Jürgen Fitschen)將辭職。由於法律和管理成本在近些年的大幅上漲，德意志銀行一直面臨來自投資者的壓力。

Like many of its rivals, HSBC is looking to reduce the amount of riskier assets on its balance sheet, including cutting the size of its global banking and markets business and focusing on strategically important and profitable businesses.

如同其許多競爭對手一樣，匯豐正尋求減少其資產負債表上的高風險資產，包括縮小其全球銀行和市場業務的規模，專注於有戰略意義和盈利能力的業務。

HSBC said it would reduce so-called risk-weighted assets, a measure of the risk of the capital it holds, by 25 percent, or about $290 billion. About half of those reductions will come from the investment banking business, the lender said.

匯豐說將會減少25%的所謂風險加權資產——一種對持有資產的風險衡量，即2900億美元左右。銀行稱大約一半的減持將會來自投資銀行業務。

The sale of its operations in Turkey and in Brazil had been anticipated for some time, but the bank said it would keep a presence in Brazil to serve large corporate clients.

出售在土耳其和巴西的業務早在意料之中，但銀行說會在巴西保持一定力量，以服務大公司客戶。

In February, Mr. Gulliver identified the Brazilian and Turkish businesses among four “problem” markets where HSBC would seek more extreme restructuring measures if returns did not improve. The bank is also seeking improvement in its operations in Mexico and in the United States.

今年二月，歐智華將巴西和土耳其的業務認定爲四個“問題”市場中的兩個，如果回報沒有改善的話，匯豐將要尋求更極端的重組辦法。該行同時也在尋求改善在墨西哥和美國的業務。

While it sought to cut costs by up to $5 billion annually within two years, the lender said it expected to book restructuring costs of $4 billion to $4.5 billion over that period.

在尋求兩年內削減每年高達50億美元成本的同時，匯豐預計這一期間會列支40至45億美元的重組成本。

In April, HSBC announced that it was formally reviewing whether to move its headquarters from Britain. The bank is facing a shifting regulatory landscape in Britain that includes a bank tax that has hit British lenders particularly hard.

四月，匯豐宣佈其正在正式評估是否把總部搬出英國的議題。該銀行在倫敦正面臨着監管環境的變化，其中包括一種已經導致英國貸款機構遭遇重創的銀行稅。

The government has raised the bank tax, known as a bank levy, nine times since it was introduced, taking in 5.3 billion pounds, or about $8.1 billion, according to the British Bankers’ Association.

據英國銀行家協會(British Bankers’Association)說，英國政府已經將這種被稱爲“銀行徵費”(bank levy)的銀行稅提高至開徵時的九倍，徵收53億英鎊，合81億美元。

HSBC’s payment has more than doubled since 2012. The tax cost the bank about $1.1 billion in 2014, when HSBC reported a profit of $13.7 billion.

匯豐繳付的稅費從2012年至今已經增長了一倍以上。2014年他們繳納了11億美元銀行稅，而匯豐報告的盈利爲137億美元。

The bank, which traces its roots to Hong Kong, has been based in Britain since 1993.

起源可以被追溯到香港的匯豐銀行，自1993年起一直把總部駐在英國。

Banks in Britain will be required by 2019 to shield their retail banking operations from the effects of investment banking and other activities in the event of another financial crisis — a process known as ring-fencing.

英國的銀行被要求在2019年之前把它們的零售銀行業務與包括投資銀行業務在內的其他活動分離，以應對潛在的下一次金融危機，這是一種設立“圍欄”的過程。

As part of its restructuring, HSBC said that it planned to begin setting up a ring-fenced bank in Britain.

作爲重組的一部分，匯豐說其計劃開始在英國設立一家設立了“圍欄”的銀行。

Despite reducing the size of its business in some markets, HSBC said it planned to expand its asset management and insurance operations in Asia in hopes of capturing “expected opportunities from emerging wealth in the region.”

儘管在一些市場收縮了業務規模，匯豐說其計劃在亞洲擴張其資產管理和保險業務，以期捕捉“來自該區域新興財富的預期機遇”。

It also plans to increase its business in the Pearl River Delta area in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong, and in parts of Southeast Asia.

匯豐還計劃在中國南方省份廣東的珠三角地區以及一些南亞地區增加業務。

“The world is increasingly connected, with Asia expected to show high growth and become the center of global trade over the next decade,” Mr. Gulliver said in a news release. “I am confident that our actions will allow us to capture expected future growth opportunities and deliver further value to shareholders.”

“世界正變得愈發地聯繫起來，而亞洲預計會有高增長，並在下個十年成爲全球貿易中心，”歐智華在一篇新聞稿中說。“我相信，我們的行動將讓我們可以捕捉到預期的未來增長機遇，並給股東帶來更多的價值。”