馬雲呼籲把製假售假者關起來

Alibaba founder Jack Ma has for the first time called directly on China’s government to ramp up efforts to erase counterfeiting, blaming modest penalties and lax laws for the scourge of fakes.

阿里巴巴(Alibaba)創始人馬雲(Jack Ma)首次直接呼籲中國政府加大力度根除假貨，他將假貨猖獗歸咎於法律寬鬆、處罰太輕。

The appeal to delegates at this week’s National People’s Congress marks an escalation by Mr Ma, one of China’s richest men, and a reversal from his earlier comments that counterfeits are often better quality than the real thing.

馬雲在本週召開的全國人大會議上向代表們發出上述呼籲，此舉標誌着他在打假問題上的立場變得更加積極，態度也與以往截然不同——他曾說假貨質量往往比正品更好。馬雲是中國最富有的人之一。

It also follows a renewed crusade against fakes that followed the return of Alibaba’s ecommerce platform Taobao to the US blacklist of “notorious markets” for peddling counterfeit goods.

在此之前，阿里巴巴電商平臺淘寶(Taobao)因銷售假貨再次被美國列入“惡名市場”黑名單，阿里巴巴由此掀起了新一輪的打假運動。

In an open letter to delegates of the NPC and The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference posted on China’s Twitter-like Weibo platform, Mr Ma called for counterfeits to be tackled in the same way as drink driving.

馬雲在新浪微博(Weibo)上發表了一封致全國人大和全國政協代表的公開信，他在信中呼籲像治理酒駕那樣治理假貨。

“If, for example, we imposed a seven-day prison sentence for every fake product sold, the world would look very different both in terms of intellectual property enforcement and food and drug safety, as well as our ability to foster innovation,” he wrote.

他寫道：“設想假如銷售一件假貨拘留七天，製造一件假貨入刑，那麼我想今天中國的知識產權保護現狀、食品藥品安全現狀，我們國家未來的創新能力一定會發生天翻地覆的變化。”

Highlighting laws that enabled 99 per cent of counterfeit activities to go unchecked and inappropriately small penalties for those fined, he said there was “a lot of bark around stopping counterfeits, but no bite”.

他說，“人人喊打，卻無人真打”，強調是法律讓99%的製假售假行爲不了了之，而且罰款數額也低得不像樣子。

Turning the onus on to Beijing is a calculated gamble for Mr Ma. He has been under pressure to clamp down on fakes since the US Office of the Trade Representative blacklisted Taobao, both by overseas regulators and big brands, but his plea may not align with the government’s priorities, say observers.

對馬雲來說，把責任推到中國政府頭上是一次經過精心計算的賭博。自美國貿易代表辦公室(Office of the US Trade Representative)將淘寶列入黑名單以來，馬雲一直承受着海外監管機構和大品牌要求其打擊假貨的壓力，但觀察家們表示，他所呼籲的事情可能不會成爲中國政府的優先事項。

While applauding Alibaba’s efforts, some lawyers pointed to an element of lip-service: Alibaba has come out with a string of initiatives since the USTR move, including working with police in Shenzhen and Swarovski to sue two merchants selling fake watches.

一些律師雖然稱讚阿里巴巴的打假努力，但指出這些努力有作秀成分：自美國貿易代表辦公室將淘寶列入黑名單以來，阿里巴巴採取了一系列舉措，包括與深圳警方和施華洛世奇(Swarovski)合作，起訴兩個銷售冒牌手錶的商家。

“What he is saying is valid: China needs to do more,” said Paul Haswell, a partner at Pinsent Masons in Hong Kong, “Alibaba is investing more in anti-counterfeiting, hiring more lawyers and going after people. But it still feels very much like showboating.”

品誠梅森律師事務所(Pinsent Masons)駐香港合夥人保羅?哈斯維爾(Paul Haswell)表示：“他說中國需要採取更多措施，這是合理的。阿里巴巴投入更多資源打擊造假，僱傭了更多的律師並追究售假者。但還是讓人感覺它在作秀。”

Brands complain that merchants selling knock-offs that are closed down by Alibaba simply reappear under a different name a few hours later, and point to the swath of fake goods available across the platform.

品牌商家抱怨稱，被阿里巴巴關掉的售假商家在幾個小時後換個名字就會重新出現在平臺上，它們指出，整個平臺充斥着大量的假貨。

Alibaba says it is harnessing big data, combining addresses and other information, to detect reincarnated merchants. But these efforts are undermined by laws, said Mr Ma.

阿里巴巴表示，它正利用大數據以及地址和其他信息來監測換了“馬甲”的售假商家。但馬雲表示，由於法律法規滯後，這些努力效果不佳。

Big data enabled Alibaba to pass on 4,495 leads to cases for offline investigations, which resulted in the successful criminal prosecution of 469 cases, he said — a hit rate of roughly 10 per cent.

他說，阿里巴巴利用大數據排查出4495件線索讓警方展開線下調查，結果被成功提起刑事訴訟的只有469件，打擊率大約爲10%左右。

Of the 200 counterfeit cases penalised by the Bureau of Commerce and Industry last year that Alibaba studied, the average fine was Rmb10,000. ($1,450). “This reality only encourages more people to produce and sell fake goods!” he wrote.

在阿里巴巴研究的去年被工商行政管理局行政處罰的200例製假販假案件中，平均罰款額不到10萬元人民幣（合1450美元）。馬雲寫道：“這樣的局面只會鼓勵更多人前赴後繼地參與制假售假！”

He said that manufacturers, rather than internet ecommerce platforms, were the root problem. “Counterfeit goods are being produced in a steady stream every day by illegitimate factories, just like the smog that comes from all directions and fills the streets?.?.?.?Manufacturers will always be the source of the problem; and the law has to be the root of the solution.”

他說，問題的根源是製造工廠而非互聯網電商平臺。“今天，現實世界裏的假貨源源不斷地從黑工廠中產出，像霧霾一樣四面八方襲來，充斥在大街小巷……法律基石永遠是根，製造工廠永遠是源。”