歷史今天:1931年9·18事變(9.18)

【英文原文】

The Mukden Incident represented an early event in the Second Sino-Japanese War, although full-scale war would not start until 1937. On September 18, 1931, near Mukden (now Shenyang) in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Japan's South Manchuria Railway was dynamited. The Imperial Japanese Army, accusing Chinese dissidents of the act, responded with the invasion of Manchuria, leading to the establishment of Manchukuo the following year. While the responsibility for this act of sabotage remains a subject of controversy, the prevailing view is that Japanese militarists staged the explosion in order to provide a pretext for war. This event is known by various names, including the Mukden Incident. The favored name in Japan is the Manchurian Incident (Kyūjitai: 滿洲事變, Manshujihen: 満州事変). The favored name in China is the September 18 Incident.

【中文譯文】

九一八事引發了第二次中日戰爭，儘管全面抗日戰爭是從1937年開始的。在1931年9月18日，奉天（今瀋陽）附近的一段由日本南滿控制的鐵路被炸燬。日本皇軍指責中國此次行爲，入侵滿洲，導致滿洲國在次年成立。雖然對這種破壞行爲的責任仍然是一個有爭議的問題，普遍的看法是，日本軍國主義製造的這次爆炸事件，以此來作爲開戰的藉口。此事件有各種不同的名稱，包括奉天事變。在日本被稱爲滿洲事變（Kyūjitai：滿洲事變，Manshujihen：満州事変）。在中國稱爲九一八事變。