克林頓等聚首巴黎 商討利比亞未來

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and officials from about 50 other countries are set to convene in Paris on Thursday to discuss Libya’s transition to post-Gadhafi democratic rule. The head of Libya’s National Transitional Council, Mustafa Abdel Jalil, is expected to outline the NTC’s immediate needs.

美國國務卿克林頓和來自其他差不多50個國家的高級官員星期四聚集在巴黎，討論後卡扎菲的利比亞局勢。利比亞“全國過渡委員會”負責人賈利勒預計將在這次會議上，明確闡述利比亞目前最急需的是什麼。

France called the meeting a week ago as NTC forces moved into Tripoli. Now, with Moammar Gadhafi's rule at an end, the conference will focus on how to help Libya establish stable democratic governance.

一個星期前，也就是“全國過渡委員會”領導下的利比亞反對派挺進的黎波里的時候，法國方面開始召集各方，就利比亞的前途、以及民主轉型，舉行會議。如今，卡扎菲的統治已經是過去時了，本次在巴黎召開的會議將集中討論如何幫助利比亞建立一個穩固的民主政體。

The list of participants for the “Friends of Libya” conference has grown significantly in recent days to include key countries like Russia and China, which have not recognized the NTC as Libya’s new governing authority.

Secretary of State Clinton, who has interrupted her summer vacation to attend, says the weeks ahead will be “critical” for Libya and that the world community needs to act “decisively” to help the NTC. But she says the transition must be Libyan-led.

美國國務卿克林頓爲了參加本次在巴黎舉行的會議，提早結束了渡假。克林頓國務卿表示，今後幾個星期，對於利比亞來說，將是“非常關鍵”的；她說，國際社會此刻應當大力協助利比亞“全國過渡委員會”。不過，克林頓同時也表示，整個制度的轉型過程，應當由利比亞人來主導。

State Department Spokeswoman Victoria Nuland says NTC chief Jalil’s presentation at the meeting will be pivotal.

美國國務院發言人紐蘭德表示，利比亞“全國過渡委員會”的負責人賈利勒在巴黎會議上如何陳述，將是衆所矚目的。

“One of the things that we expect to hear at this meeting is a report from the Transitional National Council on how it sees moving forward, what it wants for the international community -- including how it wants to work with the [U.N.] Security Council on the appropriate unwinding of [U.N. resolutions] 1970 and 1973," Nuland said.

紐蘭德說：“會議期間，我們期待着聽取‘全國過渡委員會’就利比亞下一步將如何走所做的報告，將聽取他們如何闡述國際社會都需要作些什麼，包括如何與聯合國安理會一起，將之前的兩個針對利比亞的決議案(1970號和1973號)撤銷。”

Those United Nations resolutions imposed sanctions against Moammar Gadhafi's government and authorized the NATO-led air campaign that helped oust the longtime ruler.

聯合國出臺的上述兩個決議案是針對卡扎菲政權的，其中的內容包括制裁措施等等。也正是因爲有這兩項決議案，北約方面纔可以幫助利比亞反對派將長期統治利比亞的獨裁者卡扎菲趕下臺。

The United States and other countries have begun the process of releasing frozen Libyan assets through the U.N. Sanctions Committee.

與此同時，美國和其他一些國家都已經開始通過聯合國的“制裁委員會”，將之前凍結的屬於利比亞的資產進行解凍。

But some leading members of the U.S. Congress want Secretary Clinton to withhold the money unless the NTC agrees to give up Abdel Baset al-Megrahi, the Libyan convicted in the 1988 bombing of a U.S. PanAm jetliner over Scotland.

美國國會一些成員希望美國國務卿克林頓不要馬上將利比亞的資產解凍，而是要等到利比亞“全國過渡委員會”同意將造成1988年洛克比空難的利比亞公民邁格拉希遞解到美國之後。

The NTC has told the United States it will revisit the case against Megrahi, who was returned to Libya from Scotland in 2009 on humanitarian grounds and is reported in grave condition in Tripoli with cancer.

在這一點上，利比亞“全國過渡委員會”已經告知美國，會重新考慮這個案子。蘇格蘭方面在2009年基於人道主義的考慮，將邁格拉希送回利比亞。邁格拉希當時已經重病纏身。

Nuland says the NTC has more urgent priorities than the Megrahi case. “We need to give the TNC a chance to do job one, which is to finish the job of ousting Gadhafi and his regime, begin the job of establishing Libya on a democratic path. And we are very gratified by the fact that they have made clear they are willing to look into this,” she said.

美國國務院發言人紐蘭德女士說，利比亞“全國過渡委員會”目前有比這更緊迫的工作要作。她說：“我們需要給‘全國過渡委員會’時間，讓他們先把最重要的任務完成，那就是，將卡扎菲政權徹底趕下臺，將利比亞帶到一個民主的道路上。我們很高興利比亞‘全國過渡委員會’已經同意要重新考慮洛克比空難問題。”

A key issue in Paris will be the question of a peacekeeping presence in Libya.

本次巴黎會議期間將要討論的一個重要問題，將是利比亞的維和問題。

Ian Martin, special advisor to U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on post-conflict planning, says the National Transitional Council's interest is in foreign advice, not troops. “In our discussions with the NTC, it is very clear that the Libyans want to avoid any military deployment by the U.N. or others. They are very seriously interested in assistance with policing to get the public security situation under control and gradually develop a democratically accountable public security force,” Martin said.

在這一點、也就是戰後的問題上，聯合國祕書長潘基文的特別顧問馬丁表示，利比亞“全國過渡委員會”的意思，是要國際社會給予協助建議，但不是武力上的。馬丁表示：“我們和利比亞‘全國過渡委員會’討論的過程中，得到的很明確的一個信息就是，利比亞人不希望聯合國或者是其他方面向利比亞派出武裝部隊。他們很希望能夠在公安方面得到幫助，先讓局勢得以穩定，然後逐步過渡到有一個民主體制下的公安系統。”

Human rights groups say the Paris conferees must press the NTC to avoid reprisals against Gadhafi loyalists, while seeking accountability for serious human rights violations during the Gadhafi era.

國際人權組織認爲，出席巴黎會議的各方應當要求利比亞“全國過渡委員會”不要對那些一度支持卡扎菲的人，進行報復。但是與此同時，確實應當對那些在卡扎菲執政期間犯下嚴重侵權行爲的人，進行追究。

Sarah Leah Whitson, Middle East and North Africa Director at Human Rights Watch, says major responsibilities come with political recognition of the NTC. “Number one among them is going to be avoiding retribution and reprisal killings against Gadhafi forces or against alleged or feared Gadhafi supporters. Because certainly, as you can imagine, there is a lot of anger and rage that’s built up over the past several months and over the past 40 years," Whitson said.

維特森女士說：“首先要考慮的，就是如何避免對一度效忠卡扎菲的人展開報復；可以想像，過去幾個月、過去四十年來，有很多‘積怨’等待着爆發。”

Whitson says the former Libyan leader and his key associates, who face international war crimes charges and are still at large, must be treated with due process in accordance with international law.

維特森女士說，卡扎菲以及他手下的那些關鍵人物，已經面臨國際戰犯的指控，至今還在法網之外，對他們，應當嚴格按照國際法，來處理。