珠海航展 客機制造商押注中國航旅需求

The Hawk jets of Britain’s Red Arrows display team fly 600 miles on one tank so they had to make 22 stops on their way to promote UK industry at China’s Zhuhai air show.

英國“紅箭”(Red Arrows)飛行表演隊的“鷹”(Hawk)式教練機航程爲600英里，因此爲了在中國珠海舉行的航空展上推廣英國的航空業，它們沿路不得不停靠了22站。

Aircraft manufacturers from Boeing and Airbus to Bombardier and Embraer are also going to great lengths to impress China, whether by promoting new models such as the Airbus A350 and Boeing 787, offering big discounts or promising to help the development of China’s aviation industry.

從波音(Boeing)和空客(Airbus)、到龐巴迪(Bombardier)和巴西航空工業公司(Embraer)等飛機制造商，也爲了給中國留下深刻印象而不遺餘力，或是推銷新機型（如空客A350和波音787）、大打折扣，或是承諾幫助推動中國航空業的發展。

While Beijing’s mission to build its own airliners has gathered pace, western executives at the biennial show in the southern province of Guangdong do not expect a local competitor soon.

儘管北京方面建造國產大型客機的任務加快了步伐，但是參加這個在廣東省舉辦的兩年一屆的航空展的西方高管並不認爲很快會有本土競爭者出現。

“China is our biggest market in terms of airplane deliveries and future orders for the next 20 years,” says Darren Hulst, Boeing’s managing director for marketing in north-east Asia. “The Zhuhai air show is about meeting customers, interacting with the government, with financiers, lessors and banks and recognising the industry that Chinese aviation has become.”

“在飛機交付量和未來20年的訂單方面，中國是我們最大的市場，”波音負責東北亞地區營銷的執行董事戴倫.赫爾斯特(Darren Hulst)表示，“本屆珠海航空展是見客戶、與政府、金融機構、租賃公司和銀行接觸的機會，同時見識中國航空業如今的樣子。”

Although economic growth is slowing in China, aviation executives are betting that demand for air travel will remain strong as Beijing shifts its focus from developing capital-intensive industries to promoting domestic consumption and the services sector.

儘管中國經濟增長正在放緩，但是航空業的高管正在押注，隨着北京方面把重心從發展資本密集型產業轉向促進國內消費和推動服務業增長，航空旅行的需求將保持強勁。

Boeing predicts China will spend $1tn on 6,800 passenger aircraft during the next 20 years as air travel in the world’s most populous nation grows by an average of 6.4 per cent per year, outpacing the global average of 4.8 per cent.

波音預計，隨着這個全球人口最多的國家的航空客運量以平均每年6.4%的速度增長——超過全球平均4.8%的增速——未來20年中國將花費1萬億美元購買6800架客機。

China’s first domestically produced passenger jet, the 80-100 seat ARJ21, entered service this year.

中國首個國產客機機型、80-100座的ARJ21今年投入運營。

State-owned Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, which makes the ARJ21, is also working on the bigger C919, designed to compete directly with the Boeing 737 and Airbus A319/A320 families that are the mainstay of short-haul aviation globally.

製造ARJ21的國有企業中國商用飛機有限責任公司（Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China，簡稱中國商飛），還在研發更大型的C919機型，旨在與全球短途航空領域的中流砥柱波音737和空客A319/A320家族展開直接競爭。

Industry executives in Zhuhai stressed the difficulty of going from small production runs and prototypes to making successful families of passenger aircraft.

珠海航空展上的行業高管強調了從小產量和原型機到打造成功客機家族的難度。

“This is an industry that requires a lot of time, a lot of experience and a lot of funds,” says Colin Bole of Bombardier, the Canadian manufacturer that has launched its C-series airliners after years of delays and cost overruns. “I’ve no doubt that funds are available in China but it takes mistakes and going wrong on earlier projects to be truly successful.”

“這個行業需要很多時間、很多經驗和很多資金，“加拿大飛機制造商龐巴迪的科林.博爾(Colin Bole)稱，“我從不懷疑中國有足夠的資金，但是要經歷早期項目中的錯誤和走錯路，才能真正成功。”龐巴迪在多年的延遲和成本超支後，推出了其C系列的大型客機。

Another foreign industry executive put it more directly, questioning whether impressive Chinese designs will ever be marketable. “Their prototypes have gone from being paper tigers to iPad tigers,” he says, inspecting a tablet showing details of a wide-body jet at Comac’s stall in Zhuhai.

另外一位外國行業高管更加直接，他質疑令人印象深刻的中國設計是否會有銷路。“他們的原型機從紙老虎變成了iPad上的老虎，”他在珠海航空展的中國商飛展臺上看平板電腦上一架寬體噴氣式飛機的細節時表示。

Boeing and Airbus, along with other foreign manufacturers, are under pressure to share know-how in exchange for access to the market.

波音和空客、以及其他外國製造商，目前面臨分享專有技術以換取市場準入的壓力。

Both source a significant number of components in the country, where Airbus started to build a second production facility this year, with Aviation Industry Corporation of China, its state-owned joint venture partner.

兩者都從中國採購大量零件。空客今年與國企中國航空工業集團公司(Aviation Industry Corporation of China)合作，開始在中國合資建設第二個生產設施。

Boeing has revealed its intention to establish its first manufacturing facility in China, working alongside Comac to put the finishing touches to 737s.

波音透露了在中國開設第一個生產設施的意圖，目前正在與中國商飛敲定737完工與交付中心的最後細節。

François Caudron, senior vice-president of marketing at Airbus, says selling aircraft in any big market requires “give and take”, highlighting the company’s decision to open a final assembly line in the US last year.

空客負責營銷的高級副總裁弗朗索瓦.科德龍(François Caudron)稱在任何大型市場銷售飛機都要求“平等交換”，並強調了該公司去年在美國開設總裝線的決定。

While his company has built industrial facilities in China “the know-how remains with Airbus”.

儘管空客在中國建立了生產設施，但是“專有技術仍然爲空客所有”。

“Do we build our own competitor? We don’t think so,” he says. “There is competition coming but by the time they get a real family [of aircraft] proven and established, I think we still have good days ahead of us.”

“我們是培養競爭者嗎？我們不這麼認爲，”他稱，“未來會有競爭，但是在他們真正擁有完善、成熟的（客機）家族之前，我認爲我們仍然有好日子過。”