美國政府要求蘋果解鎖更多iPhone
WASHINGTON — The Justice Department is demanding Apple’s help in unlocking at least nine iPhones nationwide in addition to the phone used by one of the San Bernardino, Calif., attackers.
華盛頓——在整個美國，除了加利福尼亞州聖貝納迪槍擊案襲擊者使用的那部iPhone，司法部還在要求蘋果公司(Apple)幫助解鎖至少九部手機。
The disclosure appears to buttress the company’s concerns that the dispute could pose a threat to encryption safeguards that goes well beyond the single California case.
這似乎支持了蘋果的擔憂，即此次爭議可能會對產品的加密保護構成威脅，其影響遠不止加州這一例。
Apple is fighting the government’s demands in at least seven of the other nine cases, Marc J. Zwillinger, a lawyer for the company, said in a letter unsealed in federal court on Tuesday.
在聯邦法院週二公佈的一封信中，蘋果公司律師馬克·J·茨維林格(Marc J. Zwillinger)表示，在這另外九起案子裏的至少七個案子中，蘋果拒絕配合政府的要求。
“Apple has not agreed to perform any services on the devices,” Mr. Zwillinger wrote. Starting in December, the letter says, Apple has in a number of cases objected to the Justice Department’s efforts to force its cooperation through a 1789 statute known as the All Writs Act, which says courts can require actions to comply with their orders.
“蘋果一直沒有同意在這些設備上提供任何服務，”茨維林格寫道。信中還表示，自去年12月起，蘋果在多起案件中拒絕了司法部通過《所有令狀法案》(All Writs Act)迫使其合作的要求。依據這項1789年的法案，法院可以要求當事人按其命令行事。
In the San Bernardino case, prosecutors have cast their demands for Apple to help them unlock the iPhone used by Syed Rizwan Farook — one of the attackers in the December rampage, in which 14 people were killed — as a limited effort in response to an unusual situation.
在聖貝納迪那個案子中，檢方把它對蘋果公司提出的幫助解鎖賽義德·里茲萬·法魯克(Syed Rizwan Farook)使用的iPhone的要求，描述爲應對特殊情況的一種有限行爲。法魯克是去年12月致14人死亡的大規模槍擊案的襲擊者之一。
Still, “no one should be surprised that we’re investigating other cases and looking for assistance in those other cases,” a law enforcement official said on Tuesday.
不過，“我們也在調查其他案件，會在這些其他案件中要求協助，這不足爲奇，”一名執法官員週二表示。
Since challenging a judge’s demand in the San Bernardino case, which called for Apple to create a special tool to help investigators more easily crack the phone’s passcode, the company has repeatedly asserted that such a move could not be done in isolation.
在聖貝納迪案件中，法官要求蘋果創造一種特殊的工具，從而幫助調查人員更容易地破解這部手機的密碼，該公司予以拒絕。自此之後，蘋果反覆堅稱，此類舉措的後果不會僅限於這一例。
“Once created, the technique could be used over and over again, on any number of devices,” Apple’s chief executive, Timothy D. Cook, said in a letter to customers. And in a note on its website on Monday, Apple said law enforcement agencies nationwide “have hundreds of iPhones they want Apple to unlock if the F.B.I. wins this case.”
“一旦創造出來，這種技術就可以在任意數量的設備上反覆使用，”蘋果首席執行官蒂莫西·D·庫克(Timothy D. Cook)在一封致消費者的信中說。該公司在週一於官方網站上發佈的一份說明中表示，“如果聯邦調查局(FBI)贏了這個案子”，全美各地的執法部門“會有成百上千部iPhone等着讓蘋果解鎖。”
Apple has long maintained that it would hand over data to comply with a court order when it was technically able to do so. In a report covering the first six months of 2015, Apple said it had received nearly 11,000 requests from government agencies worldwide for information on roughly 60,000 devices, and it provided some data in roughly 7,100 instances.
長久以來，蘋果公司一直堅稱，如果技術上可以實現，它就會配合法庭的命令提交數據。蘋果在一份覆蓋2015年上半年的統計報告中表示，它收到了將近1.1萬份來自全美各地的政府機構的請求，涉及大約6萬臺設備中的信息，而蘋果爲其中的大約7100例提供了一些數據。
But while the data backed up on Apple’s iCloud service is readily accessible by the company, it has made the security on the iPhone itself increasingly hard to crack.
儘管蘋果可以比較容易地獲取備份在iCloud雲端的數據，但它加強了iPhone本身的安全性，使之越來越難以破解。
Because a number of the newly disclosed cases remain sealed, Apple’s letter did not describe the types of crimes at issue. But they appear to involve run-of-the-mill prosecutions for offenses like drug trafficking and pornography, rather than a high-profile terrorism investigation, officials said.
因爲剛剛披露的案件有不少還處在保密狀態，蘋果沒有在信中描述這些爭論案件的類型。但一些官員表示，它們涉及的似乎是針對諸如毒品走私和色情等犯罪活動的普通指控，而非引人注目的恐怖主義調查。
The newly disclosed cases are in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Boston.
這些最新提到的案件發生於紐約、芝加哥、洛杉磯、舊金山和波士頓。
The existence of the other demands came to light in a drug-trafficking case in Federal District Court in Brooklyn, where prosecutors are seeking access to the data held in an iPhone linked to a methamphetamine distribution ring.
檢方針對這些其他案件向蘋果提出的要求，是在駐布魯克林的聯邦地區法院審理一件毒品走私案時曝光的。在這一案件中，檢方試圖獲取與一個冰毒分銷網絡有關的一部iPhone中的數據。
The owner of the phone, Jun Feng, 45, has pleaded guilty to conspiracy in the case. But prosecutors have pushed ahead anyway with their efforts to force Apple to unlock his phone, in part because they maintain that it could lead them to other drug suspects.
這部手機的所有人是45歲的馮軍（音）。他已經承認自己在這起案件中犯有共謀罪。但檢方還在施壓，要迫使蘋果解鎖他的手機，部分原因在於，他們堅持認爲，這能幫助他們找到其他毒品嫌疑人。
The two sides are awaiting a ruling from Magistrate Judge James Orenstein on whether Apple should be forced to cooperate. Before issuing a ruling, Judge Orenstein wanted Apple to detail other pending requests from prosecutors.
雙方正在等待治安法官詹姆斯·奧倫斯坦(James Orenstein)就蘋果是否該被迫使合作做出裁決。在公佈自己的裁決之前，奧倫斯坦法官想讓蘋果詳細列舉檢方提出的其他尚未滿足的要求。
The Brooklyn drug-trafficking case has been dwarfed by the fight in California. But national security lawyers say the Brooklyn case remains important, because Judge Orenstein’s decision is expected to be the first to offer a broad examination of the government’s authority under the All Writs Act to force Apple to unlock passcode-protected iPhones.
與加州的襲擊事件相比，布魯克林毒品走私案顯得微不足道。但國家安全領域的律師表示，布魯克林的案件也很重要，因爲奧倫斯坦法官的判決，有望成爲對政府依照《所有令狀法案》要求蘋果解鎖有密碼保護的iPhone的權力做出宏觀審覈的第一個判例。
The judge has indicated skepticism over the government’s demands. Initially, Apple agreed to a formal order to help the Justice Department gain access to Mr. Feng’s phone, but Judge Orenstein balked, questioning whether the All Writs Act could be used that way. He invited Apple’s lawyers to raise objections.
這名法官對政府的要求表現出懷疑態度。最初，蘋果接受了一項正式命令，即幫助司法部進入馮軍的手機，但奧倫斯坦法官有所保留，質疑《所有令狀法案》是否能被這麼使用。他請蘋果的律師對司法部的要求提出異議。
While his ultimate decision will not be legally binding in California, it could influence the legal arguments there. And an appeal by either side has the potential to work its way through the federal court system to become significant case law.
儘管他的最終裁決對於加州的案件不會有法律約束力，但它可以對那裏的法律爭論產生影響。控辯雙方任何一方提出的上訴，都有可能沿着聯邦法院系統一直往上走，成爲重要的判例法。
Law enforcement officials around the country are anxiously watching the cases in both Brooklyn and California to see how their own investigations might be affected.
全美的執法官員都在緊張地關注着布魯克林和加州兩個案子的進展，以判斷他們各自的調查會受到怎樣的影響。
At a news conference last week after the debate erupted in California, the New York City police commissioner, William J. Bratton, and the Manhattan district attorney, Cyrus R. Vance Jr., said they had collected about 175 iPhones, in investigations, that they have been unable to unlock.
上週，在有關加州案件的爭論浮現後舉行的一場新聞發佈會上，紐約警察局長威廉·J·布拉頓(William J. Bratton)和駐曼哈頓的地區檢察官小塞勒斯·R·萬斯(Cyrus R. Vance Jr.)表示，他們在調查中收集了大約175部無法解鎖的iPhone。
Mr. Vance rejected the notion that Apple should be forced to cooperate only in certain prominent crimes.
有一種觀念認爲，蘋果應該只在某些重大犯罪案件上被強行要求配合調查。對此，萬斯並不同意。
“What we discover is that investigation into one crime often leads into criminal activity in another, sometimes much more serious than what we were originally looking at,” he said.
“我們的發現是，針對一項犯罪活動的調查往往可以把我們引至有關另一項犯罪活動的調查，有時候後者會比我們原先調查的事情嚴重得多，”他說。
