新加坡的夜晚將不復存在

Light pollution is so bad in Singapore that people's eyes never fully adapt to the dark when looking at the sky after sunset.

新加坡的光污染非常嚴重，太陽落山後的夜空,他們的眼睛從未適應過黑暗。

It's pretty bad elsewhere too. A recent study, published in Science Advances, created an atlas of artificial night-sky brightness that measures and compares sky luminance around the world. A full one-third of humanity lives under skies where you can't see the Milky Way.

別處的情況也很糟糕。最近發表在《科學進步》的一項研究創造了人爲夜空亮度的地圖集，測量並比較世界各地天空的亮度。有三分之一的人生活在不能看到銀河的天空之下。

In the map below, white spots show where people's eyes never adapt to darkness - when eye rods take over from eye cones. Red shows where people can't see the Milky Way. Anything but black shows some level of light pollution.

在下面的地圖上，白色斑點表示這個地方的人們的眼睛從來沒有適應黑暗 - 視網膜杆代替視錐。紅色的點顯示這裏的人們無法看到銀河系。除黑色之外的顏色顯示受到光污染的不同水平。

And a chart of the most light-polluted countries. Again, white shows the population living under skies that never get dark enough to cause eyes to adapt to night.

有一張受到光污染最嚴重的地區的圖表。再一次顯示了白代表這個地方的人的天空從來沒有足夠的黑暗來使眼睛適應夜間生活。

Light pollution is problematic for several reasons.

造成光污染是有很多原因的。

In addition to making astronomic research difficult, it can impact biological circadian rhythms, altering the behavior of birds, reptiles and even humans. A recentstatement from the American Medical Association also warned against the dangers of LED lights, which are increasingly replacing street lamps due to their energy efficiency. The blue light emitted by LED bulbs is more disruptive than traditional warmer-looking lighting.

光污染不僅會使天文研究變得困難，還會影響到生物晝夜變化的規律，改變鳥類，爬行動物甚至人類的行爲。最近，美國醫學協會一項聲明中還警告人們LED燈的危險性，由於能源效率LED燈越來越多地取代路燈。LED燈泡發出的藍色光比傳統暖光燈光更具破壞性。

But in a Quora thread about the absence of stars in Singapore's night sky, local contributors have a few tips about how to find glimpses of them. User Ryan Phung suggests traveling to remote places in the city, like Tanjong Beach or Pulau Ubin. And Akshay Mamidi suggests looking up long enough for your to eyes adjust, then using a star chart to make sure you look in the right places.

但在Quora上關於新加坡的夜空沒有星星的提問，當地志願者對如何找到它們蹤跡給出了的一些建議。用戶瑞安奉建議行駛到離城市偏遠的地方，像丹戎海灘或烏敏島。阿克沙伊麥迪建議仰視足夠長的時間使你的眼睛適應，然後看星圖確保你看的是正確的地方。

Residents of Singapore are not alone in their struggles to see the stars. According to the study, 99% of US and European populations live with some level of light pollution, and 80% of North Americans can't see the Milky Way either.

新加坡的居民在找星星的過程中不是孤軍奮戰。這項研究表明美國和歐洲的99％的人口生活在一定程度的光污染下，北美80％的人也不能看到銀河系。

Other countries plagued by high levels of light pollution include Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. The world's least light-polluted countries are Chad, Central African Republic, and Madagascar, where more than 75% of the population has pristine views of the starry night.

其他光污染困擾嚴重的國家還包括科威特，卡塔爾，阿聯酋，沙特阿拉伯和韓國。世界上光污染最少的國家是乍得，中非共和國和馬達加斯加，那裏75％以上的人口可以很容易看到星星。

In the report, the researchers write that they hope their data will aid others who study the impacts of light pollution as cities inevitably continue to get brighter.

在報告中，研究人員寫道，他們希望他們的數據將幫助其他研究光污染的影響的人，因爲城市的夜晚不可避免地在繼續變亮。