10個改變運動歷史的運動員(下)

5. Althea Gibson

5.愛爾西亞·吉布森

Althea Gibson was an African-American woman who achieved greatness in not one, but two sports: tennis and golf. She found her athletic calling during a tough childhood, which she spent Mostly in the Harlem area of New York City. Gibson won a college scholarship in sports after winning numerous tournaments and championships. She was the first black woman to be invited to compete in Wimbledon in 1951. She won the French Open in 1956 and Wimbledon and U.S. Open titles in 1957 and 1958. She became a tennis professional in 1959.

愛爾西亞·吉布森是一位非裔美國女性，她不僅僅在一個領域，而是在兩個體育領域：網球和高爾夫，都取得了卓越的成就。在艱難的童年時期，她在紐約哈姆雷特區度過了大部分時間，她發現了自己的體育夢。在贏得不計其數的比賽和冠軍之後，吉布森獲得了大學體育獎學金。1951年，她成爲第一個被邀請參與溫布頓網球巡迴賽的黑人女性。1956年，她贏得了法網公開賽並於1957和1858年分別獲得溫布爾頓和美國公開賽冠軍。1959年，她成爲一名職業網球運動員。

Her brief professional golf career wasn't as successful as her tennis career, but Gibson nevertheless broke racial and gender barriers in golf as well. After retirement, Gibson was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1971. She served as the New Jersey Commissioner of Athletics and a member of the governor's council of fitness. Gibson died of respiratory failure in 2003.

她短暫的職業高爾夫生涯並不如網球那般成功，不過吉布森打破了高爾夫比賽中的種族和性別歧視。退役以後，吉布森於1971年被列入國際網球名人堂。她擔任新澤西州經濟委員和健身總督理事會的成員。2003年，吉布森死於呼吸衰竭。

4. Frederick “Fritz” Pollard

4. 弗雷德裏克·弗里茲·波拉德

One of the first black trailblazers of professional football, Frederick Douglass “Fritz” Pollard established a series of firsts. He was the NFL's first African-American coach and the first black person to play in the Rose Bowl (in 1915). This athletically gifted Chicagoan attended Brown University on a scholarship from the Rockefeller family in 1915. He played for the Akron Pros in the American Professional Football League (which was renamed the NFL in 1922) and won a championship for them in 1920.

作爲黑人職業橄欖球運動員開拓者之一，弗雷德裏克·道格拉斯·弗里茲·波拉德建立了一系列的第一次。他是國家橄欖球聯盟第一個非裔美國教練，也是第一個在玫瑰碗球場打球的黑人（1915年）。這位芝加哥體育天才獲得了洛克菲勒家族獎學金，於1915年就讀布朗大學。他效力於美國職業橄欖球聯盟（1922年更名國家橄欖球聯盟）亞克朗市職業橄欖球隊並於1920年獲得冠軍。

In 1921, Pollard became head coach while still playing pro. He coached NFL teams in Indiana and Milwaukee until the NFL segregated the organization in 1926. Pollard fought back against the NFL's decision until 1937, when he retired to pursue a career in business. Though the NFL discontinued segregation in 1946, actual integration didn't occur until 1962 when Bobby Mitchell signed on with the Washington Redskins. Pollard died in 1986. Three years later, Art Shell became the first black coach (for the Oakland Raiders) in the contemporary NFL. Pollard was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2005.

1921年，當波拉德還是職業選手的時候，他當上了總教練。他指導美國橄欖球隊印第安納州和密爾沃基市球隊，直到1926年美國橄欖球隊分離出該組織。波拉德一直反對美國橄欖球隊的決定，直到1937年退役，他開始在商業中追求自己的職業生涯。儘管1946年美國橄欖球隊宣佈分裂，直到1962年博比·米切爾（Bobby Mitchell）與美國紅人隊簽約真正的聯合才得以實現。波拉德死於1986年。三年以後，阿特·謝爾（Art Shell）成爲當時的美國橄欖球隊的第一個黑人教練（效力奧克蘭突襲者）。2005年，波拉德被列入名人堂。

3. Babe Didrikson Zaharias

3. 蓓比·迪得瑞克森·札哈里亞斯

Babe Didrikson Zaharias defied traditional femininity and proved that women can make exceptional athletes. As "the World's Greatest Woman Athlete," Zaharias dominated tennis, track and field, basketball, golf and baseball. Born Mildred Ella Didrikson, Zaharias got the nickname "Babe" after baseball great Babe Ruth, reflecting her baseball abilities. Her participation in several sports at Beaumont High School in Beaumont, Texas was varied and exemplary. She won two gold medals and a silver medal in track and field at the 1932 Olympics.

蓓比·迪得瑞克森·札哈里亞斯挑戰了傳統的女性形象，證明了女性也可以成爲無與倫比的運動員。作爲“世界上最偉大的女子運動員”，札哈里亞斯擅長網球、田徑、籃球、高爾夫和棒球。札哈里亞斯，原名米爾德里德·艾拉·迪得瑞克森（Mildred Ella Didrikson），她以偉大的棒球運動員貝比·魯斯給自己取了個暱稱“貝比”，這也反映了她的棒球技藝。她德克薩斯州博蒙特鎮的博蒙特高中參與多項體育運動，堪稱典範。在1932年的奧林匹克田徑競賽中她獲得兩枚金牌和一枚銀牌。

Though very athletically talented, it was said that golf was her sport. She won 82 tournaments, including amateur and professional, and was a founding member of the Ladies Professional Golf Association. She met her husband, professional wrestler George Zaharias, while playing golf; they married in 1938. She died from colon cancer in 1956 at age 45. Among Babe Didrikson Zaharias's legacy are a museum dedicated to her in Beaumont and topping several greatest athlete lists in the media.

儘管在體育上具有天賦，可以說高爾夫才真正是她的運動。包括業餘和專業比賽，她贏得了82次錦標賽，是女子職業高爾夫聯合會的創始成員之一。在比賽中，她遇到了她的丈夫，專業摔跤運動員喬治亞·札哈里亞斯（George Zaharias）；他們於1938年結婚。1956年45歲時她死於腸癌。在蓓比·迪得瑞克森·札哈里亞斯的遺產之中有一個獻給她的博物館，位於博蒙特鎮，超越了媒體名單上其他幾名最偉大的運動員。

2. Muhammad Ali

2. 默罕默德·阿里

Two major media outlets, the BBC and Sports Illustrated, named Ali Sportsman of the 20th Century. He was recognized as one of the most famous faces of the last century, and he made his personality — in which he famously boasted he could “float like a butterfly, sting like a bee” — as big as his boxing skills. There has been no one like Muhammad Ali.

兩家主要媒體英國廣播公司和體育畫報將阿里命名爲 20 世紀最佳運動員。他被公認爲上個世紀最著名的面孔之一，並且他的個性像他的拳擊技巧一樣聞名——正如他自我吹捧那樣，“像蝴蝶一樣移動，像蜜蜂一樣出擊”。

Born Cassius Clay Jr. in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1942, Ali first trained as a boy after his bicycle got stolen and said he wanted to “whup” the thief. Five years later, in 1959, he became a Golden Gloves champion and an Olympic medalist in 1960. After the Olympics, he turned pro and was unbeatable throughout the 1960s, becoming the heavyweight champion of the world.

1942年出生於肯塔基州路易斯維爾市，原名卡修斯·克萊（Cassius Clay Jr.）。阿里的自行車被盜後，他想要“叫板”那些小偷，此後他開始拳擊訓練。五年後，1959 年，他成爲了金手套冠軍和在 1960 年成爲奧運金牌得主。奧運會之後，成爲職業選手。20 世紀 60 年代期間，他戰無不勝，成爲世界重量級拳擊冠軍。

In 1964, he adapted the name Muhammad Ali ("Praiseworthy One") after joining the Nation of Islam. He cited his faith as the reason for refusing to fight in the Vietnam War; this decision stirred controversy that took a hit to his career. Making a comeback in 1970, Ali reclaimed victory in elaborately named matches set in exotic locations like the “Rumble in the Jungle” against George Foreman in Zaire and the “Thrilla in Manila” against Joe Frazier in the Philippines. He announced his retirement in 1981 after experiencing some defeats. Since then, the continuously active Ali has supported and donated to numerous charities and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005.

1964 年，他皈依伊斯蘭，後更名爲穆罕默德 · 阿里 （“值得稱讚的人”) 。他以信仰爲由拒絕參加越南戰爭；這個決定引起了廣泛爭議並對他的職業生涯造成了沉重的打擊。1970年阿里捲土重來，經過精心命名的異國比賽 “叢林大戰”和“馬尼拉的震撼”，阿里重獲勝利。“叢林大戰”中，阿里在扎伊爾（Zaire）挑戰喬治·福爾曼（George Foreman）；“馬尼拉的震撼”中，他在菲律賓戰勝喬·弗雷澤（Joe Frazier）。經歷數次失敗之後，1981年他宣佈退出拳壇。此後，阿里持續積極支持慈善事業並大量捐贈，並於2005年獲得總統自由勳章。

1. Jackie Robinson

1.傑基·羅賓森

At the time Brooklyn Dodgers President Branch Rickey invited Jackie Robinson to join the Major League Baseball team in 1947, the MLB hadn't had an African American play for it since its segregation in 1889. Jackie Robinson's legendary decade-long baseball career included winning six pennants and one World Series Championship for his team. He was recognized as the National League Rookie of the Year, Most Valuable Player of the Year and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.

那時，布魯克林道奇隊總經理布蘭奇·瑞基（Branch Rickey）邀請傑基·羅賓森1947年加入美國職棒大聯盟。自從1889年黑白球員分離政策會後，美國職棒大聯盟就沒有一個非裔美國人。傑基·羅賓森長達十年的傳奇棒球生涯包括爲他的團隊獲得6次錦旗和一次世界大賽冠軍。他是公認的新人王，年度最有價值球員，並於1962年被列入棒球名人堂。

Long after his death in 1972, Robinson has never left the American consciousness. The world honored him in 1997, the 50th anniversary of his signing with the Dodgers. He was featured on a commemorative stamp, was made the subject of a 2011 biopic starring Harrison Ford as Rickey and Chadwick Boseman as Robinson, and starred in a 2014 Mazda3 commercial, the greatest of all honors.

羅賓森於1972年逝世，但很久以來，他一直被人們銘記於心。人們在1997年舉辦了盛大的紀念儀式，紀念他與道奇隊簽約50週年。他作爲特寫，登上了以2013年傳記電影《42號傳奇》爲主題製作的郵票上。該電影以羅賓森爲原型，由哈里森·福特飾演Branch Rickey；查德威克·波茲曼飾演羅賓森本人。

注：本文轉載自前十網，譯者：杉杉