經濟類的英語文章閱讀
當今的世界是開放的世界,經濟全球化和區域經濟一體化是世界經濟不可逆轉的潮流。任何一個國家或地區都不可能脫離世界經濟體系而獨立地發展自己的經濟。本文是經濟類的英語文章，希望對大家有幫助!
中國服務業日漸成爲外資新寵
China's fast-growing service sector has become a new magnet for overseas investors looking for opportunities in the country, a report from Industrial Bank Co said.
興業銀行的一份報告稱，我國迅速增長的服務業已成爲吸引在中國尋找投資機會的海外投資者的新磁石。
Nearly 50 billion U.S. dollars in foreign direct investment (FDI) entered the sector in the first half of 2016, 8 percent More than that of the same period last year and representing 70.4 percent of the country's total FDI.
2016年上半年，近500億美元外商直接投資(FDI)流向了服務業，較去年同期增加8%，佔我國吸收FDI總額的70.4%。
FDI in the manufacturing sector, however, declined 2.8 percent, only accounting for 28.3 percent of the total.
不過，製造業吸引的FDI數額下降了2.8%，僅佔FDI總額的28.3%。
Given rising salaries and land prices, the manufacturing industry has lost its appeal to foreign investment, and the emerging service sector is overtaking it, a research note from Industrial Bank said.
興業銀行的研究報告稱，隨着工資、地價的上漲，製造業失去了對外資的吸引力，新興的服務業正迎頭趕上。
"There is an evident differentiation," said the report.
報告指出：“這其中存在着明顯的分化。”
Confronted with a slowing economy, China is counting on its service sector to prop up growth and create jobs, rolling out more favorable policies, including easier market access and fewer restrictions on foreign capital.
面對經濟放緩，我國希望服務業能支撐增長、創造就業機會，併爲此推出了更優惠的政策，其中包括更容易的市場準入及減少對外資的限制。
The bank expects more overseas capital to flow into China's service sector thanks to an expanding global outsourcing market and further opening of the country's economy.
興業銀行預計，隨着全球外包市場的擴張及中國經濟對外開放程度的加深，將有更多海外資本流向我國服務業。
經濟類的英語文章篇二國際貨幣基金組織上調中國經濟增長預期
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) raised its forecast of China's 2016 GDP growth by0.1% to 6.6% last Tuesday.
國際貨幣基金組織上週二將其對中國2016年國內生產總值(GDP)增速的預期上調0.1%至6.6%。
In its latest update to its World Economic Outlook released in April, the IMF said China's near-term outlook has improved since its "benchmark lending rates were cut five times in 2015, fiscalpolicy turned expansionary in the second half of the year, infrastructure spending picked up,and credit growth accelerated".
在四月發佈的最新一期《全球經濟展望》中，國際貨幣基金組織表示，中國2015年五次下調基準貸款利率，財政政策在當年下半年轉爲擴張性，基礎設施支出回升，信貸增長加快，因此中國的近期經濟前景有所改善。
The forecast makes China one of the fastest-growing major economies despite the manyuncertainties that have shocked the global markets recently, such as the UK's decision toleave the European Union and the possible interest rate hikes by the US monetarypolicymakers.
儘管最近有許多不確定性震動了全球市場，比如英國脫離歐盟的決定，以及美國貨幣政策制定者可能加息，不過該預測使中國成爲增長速度最快的主要經濟體之一。
The IMF also said China's growth could be 6.2 percent year-on-year in 2017.
此外，國際貨幣基金組織還表示，2017年中國經濟的增長率爲6.2%。
Despite the IMF's upward adjustment, analysts said China still faces severe challenges as ittries to anchor growth in the second half.
儘管IMF上調了中國經濟增長預期，分析人士稱中國在努力保持下半年經濟增速的過程中仍面臨嚴峻挑戰。
"In the second half, China faces some difficulties as it tries to achieve the whole-year growthtarget of 6.5 to 7 percent," said Liang Haiming, chief economist of China Silk Road iValleyResearch Institute, a Beijing-based think tank.
總部位於北京的絲路智谷研究院首席經濟學家樑海明表示：“在今年下半年，由於試圖實現全年6.5%至7%的增速目標，中國將會遇到很多難題。”
China's exports will be affected by the fragile global economic and trade growth, making ithard for China's export growth to pick up in the coming months, he said. Investment,meanwhile, may remain sluggish due to the country's overcapacity reduction drive andeconomic restructuring.
他認爲，中國的出口將受到脆弱的全球經濟和貿易增長的影響，這將使得在未來幾個月內，中國的出口增長很難有所回升。同時，由於國家產能過剩、經濟轉型，投資狀況可能依然低迷。
經濟類的英語文章篇三中國經濟轉型帶來全球挑戰 China’s challenge to the world
China’s attempted economic transition has deep implications, not just for the emergingnation, but for the rest of the world. In the short term, the challenge is to manage spill-oversfrom what might be a sharp slowdown in China’s economic activity. In the long term, it is howto cope with the integration of a financial powerhouse into the world economy. In reality,however, what happens in the short term will shape the longer term as well.
中國正在嘗試進行的經濟轉型對新興國家乃至整個世界都將產生深遠影響。短期內，挑戰在於管控好中國經濟活動可能出現的大幅放緩帶來的溢出效應。長遠來看，挑戰在於如何讓一個金融大國融入全球經濟。然而，實際上，短期的發展變化同樣將影響長期。
India’s latest Economic Survey provides a thought-provoking taxonomy of crises. Theexternal impact of a crisis depends, it argues, on whether it occurs in systemically importantcountries, it is the result of fiscal or private borrowing and whether currencies of affectedcountries appreciate or depreciate. What might this analysis have to do with China? Theanswer is that it is a systemically important country that suffers from high and rapidly risingcorporate indebtedness. This might lead to a sudden halt in investment and a rapiddepreciation.
印度最新的經濟調查(Economic Survey)提供了一個發人深思的危機分類法。該調查認爲，一場危機造成的外部衝擊取決於危機是否發生在具有系統重要性的國家、是否是財政或私人借債的結果，以及受影響國家的貨幣是升值還是貶值。這種分析方法與中國有什麼關係呢?答案是，中國是一個具有系統重要性的國家，而且企業債務水平高、上升迅速。這有可能導致投資驟停和貨幣快速貶值。
Such a sharp slowdown is not at all impossible. The combination of an ultimatelyunsustainable rise in corporate debt with the dependence of demand on ultra-high rates ofinvestment creates the vulnerability. As the economy slows to growth below 7 per cent a year,investment rates of close to 45 per cent of gross domestic product no longer make economicsense. The private sector is also responsible for close to two-thirds of investment. So marketforces might impose a painful adjustment.
這種急劇放緩的前景並非完全不可能出現。企業債務最終不可持續的增長，加上需求依賴於超高投資率，共同造成了中國經濟的脆弱性。隨着經濟增速放緩至7%以下，接近國內生產總值(GDP) 45%的投資率不再具有經濟合理性。由於接近三分之二的投資由私營部門完成，市場力量或將強行推進一輪痛苦的調整。
One might envisage two government responses: a huge increase in fiscal deficits, as in thewestern financial crises, and a more aggressive monetary policy. But a weaker exchange ratemight also be welcome, as a way to offset domestic deflationary pressures. At the ChinaDevelopment Forum held in Beijing this month, Zhou Xiaochuan, the People’s Bank of Chinagovernor, indicated that it was reasonable to run down foreign currency reserves built up on amassive (and unplanned) scale. But there must be some limit to that. Controls on capitaloutflows could also be tightened, even though that would go against China’s plans for openingup the capital account. (See charts.)
人們或許可以設想中國政府的兩種反應：像西方遭遇金融危機時那樣大幅增加財政赤字，或者採取更激進的貨幣政策。但人民幣走弱或許也會受到歡迎，這樣可以抵消國內的通縮壓力。在本月北京舉行的中國發展高層論壇(China Development Forum)上，中國央行(PBoC)行長周小川暗示，中國過去大規模(無計劃)積累起來的外匯儲備出現下降是合情合理的。但這肯定有一定的限度。對資本外流的管控也可能收緊，即便這樣做有悖於中國開放資本賬戶的計劃(見圖表)。
While the Chinese economy has been weakening, monetary and credit policy loosening andthe exchange rate falling, no such crisis is to be seen as yet. The main drivers of the capitaloutflows also seem to be prepayment of foreign-currency loans and the unwinding of “carrytrades”, partly triggered by perceptions of a greater risk of a depreciation of the n, while weakening, the growth of demand has certainly not collapsed. So far, so goodthen. But this story is not over.
雖然中國經濟一直在放緩，貨幣和信貸政策不斷放鬆，匯率下跌，但到目前爲止還看不到發生此種危機的跡象。而且，資本外流的主要推動力似乎是外幣貸款提前還款和“套利交易”平倉——在一定程度上由對人民幣貶值風險上升的預期引發。另外，需求增長雖然放緩，但肯定沒有崩潰。目前看起來還不錯。但故事並未結束。
The world economy is in no position to absorb another big deflationary shock. The possibility ofsuch a shock from China over the next several years is real. But a longer-term issue alsoarises: how to integrate China into the global financial system. Experience suggests thatsimultaneous liberalisation and opening up of fragile financial systems often ends in vastcrises. If the country concerned is systemically important, such crises will be global. Floatingexchange rates may weaken the impact. Even so, a crisis in a systemically importanteconomy will have huge effects.
世界經濟絕不可能再吸收一次巨大的通縮衝擊。未來幾年，中國帶來這種衝擊的可能性是真實存在的。但一個更長期的問題也出現了：如何讓中國融入全球金融體系。經驗表明，脆弱的金融系統同時進行自由化與開放通常都會以陷入巨大的危機而告終。如果這個國傢俱有系統重要性，那造成的危機將是全球性的。浮動匯率或許可以減輕世界經濟遭受的衝擊。即便如此，一個具有系統重要性的經濟體發生危機將帶來巨大影響。
For this reason, the opening up of China’s financial system to the world must be regarded as amatter of global concern. A recent paper from the Reserve Bank of Australia illustrates somerisks. A significant aspect is the potential for a vast increase in two-way flows of portfoliocapital, which are still modest from and to China.
爲此，中國金融體系對世界的開放必須被視爲一個具有全球重要性的問題。澳大利亞央行(Reserve Bank ofAustralia)近期的一份報告分析了一些風險。一個重要方面是投資組合資金雙向流動大幅增加的潛力，目前中國的這種雙向流動水平仍然不高。
At present, controls on outflows remain tight. But consider some relevant magnitudes: China’sgross annual savings were about $5.2tn in 2015, against $3.4tn in the US; its stock of “broadmoney”, the widest measure of the money supply, was $15.3tn at the end of last year; andthe total gross stock of credit in the economy was about $30tn. China is the savingssuperpower. It is not hard to envisage a huge gross outflow, due to portfolio diversificationand capital flight, should controls be lifted. Against such vast potential outflows, foreign-currency reserves as large as $3.2tn would be swiftly exhausted. While there would also beforeign portfolio demand for Chinese assets, the domestic policy and institutional changesneeded to make that a reality are likely to be impossibly demanding.
就目前而言，中國依然嚴格控制資本外流。但想想一些相關數字的規模：2015年中國年度儲蓄總額大約爲5.2萬億美元，而美國是3.4萬億美元;去年年末“廣義貨幣”(最廣泛的貨幣供應衡量指標)存量是15.3萬億美元;經濟中的信貸總存量大約是30萬億美元。中國是超級儲蓄大國。不難想象，如果取消控制措施，由投資組合多元化和資本外逃而產生的資本外流將是巨大的。面對如此龐大的潛在外流，即便是高達3.2萬億美元的外匯儲備也會很快消耗殆盡。儘管外國投資組合也有對中國資產的需求，但滿足這種需求所必需的中國國內政策和制度的變化可能極爲苛刻。
It is probable, then, that the impact of capital account liberalisation would be a large net capitaloutflow from China, a weaker exchange rate and a bigger current account surplus. Weakerinvestment would reinforce this. It is hard to imagine how such a shift could beaccommodated. One needs only to think of possible impacts on asset markets, exchange ratesand current account balances in the rest of the world economy.
那麼資本賬戶自由化的影響將可能是中國資本大量淨外流、人民幣貶值以及經常賬戶盈餘擴大。投資下降將會強化這種影響。很難想象世界如何適應這種變化。人們只要想想全球其他經濟體的資產市場、匯率和經常賬戶餘額可能遭受的影響就會明白這一點。
In her speech at the China Development Forum this month, Christine Lagarde, managingdirector of the International Monetary Fund, noted rightly that “increased global integrationbrings with it greater potential for spillovers — through trade, finance or confidence integration continues, effective co-operation is critical to the functioning of theinternational monetary system. This requires collective action from all countries.” Right now,nothing is more important than the co-operative management of the immediate stresses inthe Chinese economy and the longer-term challenges of China’s financial integration.
國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)總裁克里斯蒂娜•拉加德(Christine Lagarde)本月在中國發展高層論壇上發表演講時正確地指出，“全球一體化程度的加深提高了產生溢出效應的可能性——通過貿易、金融或者信心的影響。隨着一體化繼續推進，有效合作對國際貨幣體系的運轉至關重要。這要求所有國家集體行動”。就現在而言，各國合作管理好中國經濟迫在眉睫的壓力以及中國融入全球金融體系的更長期挑戰，比任何事情都重要。
If either were to be mishandled, it could put unbearable pressure upon our integrated globaleconomic system. The world economy is still struggling to handle the aftermath of the westernfinancial crises. It might fail to cope with a Chinese one altogether. The last time a hegemonicfinancial power emerged, the world suffered the Great Depression. It has to do better this time.
如果搞砸任何一項，就可能對我們的一體化全球經濟體系造成無法承受的壓力。如今世界經濟仍在艱難應對西方金融危機的餘波。它可能徹底無法應付一場中國的金融危機。上次一個金融霸主出現的時候，世界遭遇了“大蕭條”(Great Depression)。這一次世界必須做得更好。
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