關於優秀英語文章帶翻譯
對於當代初中學生來講,英語閱讀能力在很大程度上影響着其英語語用能力。下面是本站小編帶來的關於優秀英語文章帶翻譯，歡迎閱讀!
hildren’s numerical skills
people appear to born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and soinexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding theirgrowth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impress accuracy---one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of nothingthat they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that thisaMounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on tosubtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desertisland at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists hasilluminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Childrenwere observed as they slowly grasped-----or, as the case might be, bumped into-----conceptsthat adults take for quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short glass into a tall thinone. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in apile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, andwith effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers------theidea of a oneness,
a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doinganything more mathematically demanding than setting a table-----is itself far from innate
兒童的數學能力
人似乎生來就會計算。孩子們使用數字的技能發展得如此之早和如此必然，很容易讓人想象有一個內在的精確而成熟的數字鐘在指導他們的成長。
孩子們在學會走路和說話後不久，就能以令人驚歎的準確佈置桌子--五把椅子前面分別擺上一把刀、一個湯匙、一把叉
子。很快地，他們就能知道他們已在桌面上擺放了五把刀、五個湯匙、五把叉子。沒有多久，他們就又能知道這些東西加起來總共是15把銀餐具。
如此這般地掌握了加法之後，他們又轉向減法。有一種設想幾乎順理成章，那就是，即使一個孩子一出生就被隔絕到荒島
上，七年後返回世間，也能直接上小學二年級的數學課，而不會碰到任何智力調整方面的大麻煩。當然，事實並沒有這麼簡單。
本世紀認知心理學家的工作已經揭示了智力發展所依賴的日常學習的微妙形式。他們觀察到孩子們緩慢掌握那些成年人認爲理所當然的概念的
過程，或者是孩子們偶然遇到這些概念的過程。他們也觀察到孩子們拒絕承認某些常識的情況。比如：
孩子們拒絕承認當水從短而粗的瓶中倒入細而長的瓶子中時，水的數量沒有變化。心理學家們而後又展示一個例子，
即：讓孩子們數一堆鉛筆時，他們能順利地報出藍鉛筆或紅鉛筆的數目，但卻需誘導才能報出總的數目。此類研究表明：數學基礎是經過逐漸努力後掌握的。
他們還表示抽象的數字概念，如可表示任何一類物品並且是在做比擺桌子有更高數學要求的任何事時都必備的一、二、三意識，遠遠不是天生就具備的。
關於優秀英語文章帶翻譯篇二The Origin of Sports
When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport ismuch older than humankind, for , as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and catswrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable icking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstratingstrong, transgenerational and transspecies bonds with the universe of animals – past, present,and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh(or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears to serve noother purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarilyfrom the anguish of life in earnest.
Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put ourcreative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battlesagainst scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This isa grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the originsof our highest accomplishments ---- liturgy, literature, and law ---- can be traced to a playimpulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Oursports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations ofthe nondatable, transspecies play impulse.
體育的起源
體育運動開始於何時?如果體育運動的本質就是遊戲的話，我們就可以宣稱體育運動比
人類古老，因爲正如我們所觀察到的，野獸也進行嬉戲。狗和貓會扭抱玩球，魚和鳥翩翩起舞，猿類會進行一些簡單的、愉快的遊戲。
雀躍的幼兒，捉迷藏的學童和成年摔跤者展示出人與動物界的有力的跨越世代與物種的永恆的聯繫--特別是幼獸，它們翻筋斗、追逐、
奔跑、扭打、模仿、嬉笑(或者看起來是)，直到愉快地精疲力盡。他們的玩耍，同我們的
一樣，似乎並沒有別的目的而只是給遊戲者以愉悅，暫時把我們從嚴肅生活的痛苦中拉出來。一些哲學家稱我們的嬉戲是我們本質中最崇高的部分。
依他們這些隨意性很大的見解，遊戲無害而且實驗性地允許我們的創造力、幻想和想象發揮作用。遊戲讓人們從永不間斷亦
不可避免的生活悲劇-與乏匱和衰退進行的枯燥抗爭中得到一種解脫。這是一個令人興奮、給人啓發的偉大見解。
這種見解的持有者宣稱，我們的最高成就如宗教典禮、文學、法律的起源可以追溯到遊戲的衝動。但令人不解的是我們看到只有幼獸和小孩子才最純粹地享
受着這種衝動。從這種比較豁達和非宿命的人性觀來看，我們的運動是超時代、跨物種的輝煌的創造。
關於優秀英語文章帶翻譯篇三Ford
Although Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.
In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced – in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness, industriousness, and dependability. Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.
亨利•福特
儘管亨利•福特的名字和大生產的概念相連，但他在勞工保護上得到同樣的讚譽，因爲
他早在1913年便實行了用今天的標準來衡量依然是先進的標準。安全措施得到改進，日工作時間從當時普遍的10或12小時減少到8小時。
爲了適應更短的日工作時間，整個工廠從雙班變成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工傷醫療得以制度化。福特汽車公司是最早建
立技術學校來培訓專門技工和爲移民開設英語學校的工廠之一。公司甚至爲僱傭殘疾人和
有前科的人而作出了一些努力。最受廣泛稱讚的革新是實行五美元一天的最低工資。其目的是招收和留住那些最好的技工並阻礙工會的發展。
福特從效率和利潤分享的角度來解釋這項新的工資政策。他也提到這樣一個事實，他的員工可以買他們生產的汽車--這實際上是爲其產品另開闢了一個市場。
爲了夠資格得到最低工資，員工必須建立一個得體的家庭並顯示出良好的個人習慣，包括節制、儉省、勤勉和可靠。雖然有人批評福特過多地干涉
了員工的私人生活，但毫無疑問，在移民們被用惡劣的方式剝削的時代，亨利•福特卻幫助了許多人在美國紮下根來。
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