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聽說日本要收“單身稅”?爲什麼受傷的總是單身狗?

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In fact, this is not the first time that Japanese government officials have proposed a bachelor tax. In 2004, a member of the Liberal Democratic Party suggested taxing single people to promote marriage, but the proposal ended up with nothing definite.
事實上,這並非日本政府官員第一次提出徵收“單身稅”(Bachelor Tax),早在2004年,日本自民黨就曾經提出過向單身人士徵稅的議案,意圖促進單身男女儘快結婚,不過最後還是不了了之。

爲何日本政府對單身如此不友好?

2010年,日本NHK電視臺播出的紀錄片《“無緣社會”——32000人無緣死的衝擊》給出了其中的答案。

聽說日本要收“單身稅”?爲什麼受傷的總是單身狗?

NHK's documentary highlights the dilemma facing Japan's economy due to the number of childless couples and an aging Population. In Japanese society, more and more young people choose to live alone. These young people not only have no life partners, but also reject the idea of engaging in normal social life.
這部在日本社會引起熱議的紀錄片講述了日本陷入少子、高齡化帶來的經濟發展困境。目前的日本社會裏越來越多的年青人選擇獨身生活,他們不僅沒有伴侶,且無法融入正常的社交生活。

With a higher unemployment rate and lower pensions, these young people are facing the threat of dying alone.
面臨高失率和養老金不足的威脅,這些年輕人對“無緣死”——一個人孤獨地死去而沒有任何親友發現的恐懼加深。

According to NHK's report, every year 32,000 Japanese people die alone. Japan's "Choose the Future Committee" estimates that if this situation continues, within 100 years the Japanese population will be less than half of what it is today.
根據NHK報道,日本每年都有32000人“無緣死”,如果這種情況繼續惡化,那麼根據日本“選擇未來委員會”的測算,100年後日本人口將只剩下現在的一半不到了。

在日本,單身與否與國家的經濟有着密切聯繫。日本首相安倍晉三爲振興日本經濟提出的“三支箭”經濟發展目標中,將與國民結婚、生育息息相關的“構築夢想的育兒支援”作爲其第二支箭,國民婚育率與國家經濟發展掛鉤。

Is "being single" a factor that effects the economy? For Japan, the answer may be yes. But there is another voice saying that the increasing single group stimulates the development of emerging industries like the Internet, entertainment, film and television. The term "single economy" was created due to this phenomena.
單身真的會影響經濟發展嗎?對於日本來說,答案也許是肯定的。但也有另一種聲音認爲,單身的增多刺激了互聯網、娛樂、影視以及其他新興產業的出現和發展,“單身經濟”一詞應運而生。

Alibaba released a report on "Empty Nester Youth in China" on May 3. The report shows that China has more than 50 million single "empty nester" young people.
5月3日,阿里巴巴發佈了《中國空巢青年圖鑑》,數據顯示我國的單身空巢青年人數已經超過5000萬。

This group consists of singles from 20 to 39 years old. They enjoy shopping online, eating take-away food and ordering on-site services. They watch movies and travel alone.
這羣20到39歲之間的空巢青年,喜歡網購,經常點外賣、線上預約服務。他們一個人看電影、一個人旅行。

"The singles usually have more disposable income and tend to focus more on self spending." According to the report "Marketing the single consumers - China 2017", released by British market consulting firm Mintel, 61% of the single consumers are interested in movies and TV shows, followed by travel (56%) and fitness (48%).
“單身人士通常擁有更多的可支配收入,傾向於關注自我和把錢花在自己身上。” 英國市場諮詢公司英敏特最新報告《針對單身消費者的營銷——中國2017》顯示,六成(61%)單身消費者最感興趣的領域是電影、電視劇,其次是旅行(56%)和運動健身(48%)。

"16% of China’s urban population now lives alone, according to the Boston Consulting Group. The trend has been accompanied by a profound change in people’s perceptions of remaining single: the concept is no longer stigmatized, singles “dine, travel and pursue activities by themselves".
波士頓集團也在其報告中說:“如今中國16%的城市人口獨自一人生活。這種趨勢還伴隨着人們對於保持單身的觀念的巨大改變,單身觀念不再受鄙夷。這也意味着單身人士會‘自己就餐、自己旅遊、自己從事各種活動’”。

事實上,單身問題也並非現代社會的產物,從公元前的西漢王朝到古羅馬,政府和國家就爲國民“找對象“的問題操碎了心。從古至今,各個國家都想了哪些辦法解決單身問題呢?

古羅馬

The Lex Papia Poppaea was introduced in 9 AD to encourage marriage. Penalties were imposed on those who were celibate and married people who had no children.
公元9年古羅馬頒佈了《巴比亞波培亞法》,該法律對對公民的單身狀況進行了相關規定,根據法律,獨身和已婚不育的夫婦,都需要受到懲罰。

中國

古代中國的法令法規裏,對老百姓的終身大事一樣有規定:

《漢書•惠帝紀》記載,公元前189年,劉盈下令:“女子年十五以上至三十不嫁,五算。”(Unmarried women from 15 to 30 need to pay taxes five times higher than married ones.)

意思是大齡剩女(15-30歲)們需要多交常人5倍的稅賦;南北朝時期的《宋書•周朗傳》中也說到:

“女子十五不嫁,家人坐之。”(Families members of the women who do not marry after 15 years old have to be imprisoned.)

意味15歲還不能嫁人的女孩,家裏人也要跟着坐牢。

In 1695, the English parliament passed The Marriage Duty Act or Registration Tax, which imposed a tax on childless couples, widowers and bachelors over the age of 25. It was primarily used as a revenue-raising mechanism for the war on France.
1695年,英國議會通過了“婚姻與註冊稅法”, 法律不僅規定了25歲以上的單身人士需要納稅,就連無子女的夫婦和喪偶個人也需要繳納稅款,主要目的用於徵集英國對法戰爭的款項。

新加坡:男女約會政府買單

新加坡是世界上人口出生率(birth rate)最低的國家,新加坡政府公開招標並表示,希望通過企業策劃特別優惠活動,並由政府爲速配成功男女提供約會開銷。

韓國:政府組織全國相親大會

在韓國,全國相親大會(blind date)也是由韓政府這個最不像媒人的媒人組織,政府對單身潮的焦慮可見一斑。2010韓國保健福祉部年開始推廣全國相親大會,場面非常壯觀。

而我國的單身大軍更是驚動了“團中央”,今年5月,團中央發話了:

“共青團將通過媒體和各組織開展教育,幫助青年樹立正確婚戀觀、家庭觀;聯合社會青年組織多開展便於青年交往的活動,爲他們結交朋友創造更多的機會和條件;協調和推動司法部門來規範婚介服務,打擊虛假欺騙行爲,幫助青年人找到合適伴侶。”

所以,單身的朋友們,團中央都在給我們撐腰呢,你還擔心啥?