東京奧運：做志願者給學分？這還是“志願者”嗎？
東京奧運會志願者的招募工作已經啓動，但組委會卻尷尬地發現，原定的11萬名志願者很可能招不滿。爲了鼓勵大學生加入，很多大學都推出爲志願者提供學分的激勵措施。但這也引發了質疑，這還算得上是“志願者”嗎？
Two years after announcing strict volunteer requirements for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and realizing they could not get enough help for free, the Japanese ministry has instead turned to universities and their vast human resources, going so far as to altering curriculum schedules for those willing to assist.
兩年前，日本對2020年東京奧運會的志願者招募提出了嚴格的要求，而今卻發現沒有足夠的志願者應徵。於是，組織方轉而將目光瞄向了大學及龐大的大學生羣體，甚至還爲願當志願者的學生調整課程安排。
In the latest move to entice students to volunteer for the Olympics, a large number of universities have begun to offer academic credits as a form of remuneration. According to broadcasting corporation NHK’s survey, 49 percent of universities in Tokyo — both national and private — are now considering that option.
在吸引大學生成爲奧運會志願者的最新舉措中，很多大學都開始爲志願者提供學分作爲報酬。根據日本放送協會（NHK）的調查，東京有49%的大學（有國立也有私立）都正在考慮這一選擇。
東京奧運會志願者爲啥這麼難招？先來看看今年3月份東京奧組委公佈的志願者徵集方案：
組委會表示，直接參與到奧運會的志願者將達到8萬人左右。徵集方案規定志願者至少服務10天以上，且每天工作時間不少於8小時。
組委會將爲此支付保險費用，但一日三餐包括住宿交通費用均需志願者自己承擔。在上崗前，志願者還需參加兩次統一培訓及說明會。除了組委會，以東京市政府的名義同樣將預計招募3萬志願者，工作週期將會持續5天以上，每天5小時。
志願者服務時間過長，不包食宿自掏腰包的政策一經發出便飽受爭議。
有人吐槽說：“還敢招募8萬人去受罪!”“這什麼破工作簡直就像奴役!”“這種強制規定，只有又有錢又閒的人才能參加!”。
學分激勵政策靠譜嗎？
In order to graduate, university students must achieve a set amount of credits.
爲了順利畢業，大學生都需要修滿一定數額的學分。
While rewarding student volunteers with credits to advance their undergraduate programs is a nice gesture, the move also makes clear that the Olympic Committee does not want to pay for highly-skilled individuals who must speak a foreign language, work over ten full days, and sit through several training sessions. Not to mention that they must pass an interview.
學分可以讓大學生本科階段的學習繼續推進。用學分獎勵學生志願者的確是個妙招，但這也清楚地表明東京奧組委並不想爲那些必須說外語、至少全天工作10天、還得參加數次培訓的高技能人才支付任何費用，更別提他們還得通過面試選拔了。
These people should just be properly paid.
這些工作人員應該得到合適的酬勞。
The move also raises the question of what it means to volunteer. While it’s quite obvious by now there isn’t enough people to fill the 110,000 spots required, dangling credits to push students into assisting the event is still morally ambiguous. Those who are reluctant to help might feel pressured to do so in order to score academically, which really defeats the purpose of volunteering in the first place.
此舉還令人們對“志願者”的含義提出了質疑。顯而易見的是，東京奧運會需要11萬名志願者，但想加入的人數遠遠不夠。通過學分來爭取讓學生參加，這種做法在道德上仍舊存疑。爲了拿到學分，一些學生可能被迫去做志願者，這首先就違背了志願活動的初衷。
對於這個極具爭議的舉動，東京大學高等教育研究與發展中心的小林昌之教授說：
“Volunteering is essentially willing participation, as disaster volunteers and Olympic volunteers are inherently different. It’s unacceptable that institutions are enticing university students with promises of academic credit.”
“從本質上來說，志願活動需要自願參與。而救災志願者與奧運志願者也有本質不同。一些機構以學分爲許諾，吸引大學生做志願者，這讓人無法接受。”
As Kobayashi stated, it’s uNPRecedented that the Japanese ministry is doing so much to push students into volunteering for one sporting event, whereas no such effort is seen when lives are at stake during catastrophic disasters.
正如小林昌之教授所說，在日本，如此大費周章地鼓勵學生成爲體育比賽的志願者，這還是頭一回。即使是在民衆生命受到威脅的巨大災難中，也從未有過類似舉動。
東京奧組委用學分來使學生們改變決定，日本網友們也紛紛表達了不滿：
“That’s not volunteering at all.”
“這根本就算不上什麼志願活動。”
“That means no one wants to do it.”
“這意味着根本就沒人願意當志願者。”
“I don’t understand this at all.”
“我完全不能理解。”
“So those that help out in the Paralympics get credit, but those who volunteer during disasters don’t?”
“在殘奧會上幫忙的人可以拿到學分，而參加救災的志願者卻沒有？”
“This is what education in Japan is about?”
“這就是日本教育的意義所在嗎？”
Offering Japanese students academic credits as a carrot on a stick seems like the wrong way to encourage volunteerism, but precious time is ticking away for the Olympic Committee. If they cannot get the required 110,000 volunteers soon, an army of emotionless androids might just work.
用學分作爲激勵看起來是鼓勵志願活動的一種錯誤方式，但對東京奧組委來說，時間也越來越緊迫。如果他們無法很快湊齊所需要的11萬名志願者，或許那些冷冰冰的機器人就要派上用場了。
