ISIS想做的十大瘋狂之事(上)

ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham) also known as ISIL, and DAESH seemed to appear very suddenly, out of nowhere, in 2014. By 29 June of that year it had proclaimed a new Worldwide Caliphate with its leader Abu Bakr al Baghdadi as Caliph.

ISIS（伊拉克和大敘利亞伊斯蘭國）也稱ISIL（伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國）。2014年，“達伊沙” 不知從何處突然出現。2014年6月29日，ISIS聲稱建立了一個新的哈里發政權，其首領貝克爾·巴格達迪爲國家的領導人。

ISIS insists on calling itself the Islamic State (to the chagrin of many Muslim countries around the world) but in spite of tales of almost unimaginable horror coming from the lands ISIS now control it has proved almost impossible for the west to understand what motivates ISIS and how to deal with them. This ignorance is fuelled, in great part, by ISIS themselves. They either prevent westerners from entering their domains or capture those who do enter, use them as hostages and then torture and kill them in a variety of increasingly gruesome ways while capturing the deaths on camera and disseminating them around the world to underline the power and uncompromising nature of ISIS. However, while there is much we do not know about ISIS, some key facts have come to light about their motivations and goals. So here is our top 10 list of things that ISIS really wants.

ISIS堅持自稱伊斯蘭國（全球很多穆斯林國家對此頗爲不滿）。儘管ISIS的領地上發生了大量令人驚駭之事，但是西方諸國對此類事件的動機難以理解也束手無策，而這種無知很大程度上對ISIS的行爲起到了推波助瀾的作用。ISIS不準西方國家的人進入他們的領地，或是將“擅入者”作爲人質，以用之不盡的可怕手段來折磨直致殺死他們。ISIS還會將人質遭折磨致死的過程錄像並散播出去，以展示自己的權威和強硬的本性。雖然我們對ISIS所知甚少，但是通過幾個事實，我們可以更瞭解他們的動機與目標。以下是我們列出的10件ISIS所求之事。

Be Seen As Separate From And More Islamic Than Al Qaeda

10.欲與基地組織割袍斷義，並更加極端行事

ISIS started out in 1999 as Al-Qaeda in Iraq, fighting in the Iraqi insurgency and forming the Islamic State of Iraq in 2006. It advocated the use of extremely violent methods which led to discontent amongst partner organizations. By 2014 they had cut all ties with Al Qaeda, Al-Qaeda will not pledge allegiance to the Caliphate and their methods are criticized by ISIS as not being extreme or Islamic enough.

ISIS源起於1999年建立的伊拉克基地組織。2006年，該組織在伊拉克暴亂中奮戰，並建立伊拉克伊斯蘭國，ISIS因崇尚使用極端暴力手段引起合作組織的不滿。2014年，ISIS與基地組織割袍斷義。因爲ISIS認爲基地組織不再效忠於哈里發，他們的做事方法也不夠極端或者不夠“伊斯蘭”。

Indeed when ordinary Syrians in the north of their country became fed-up of ISIS control and their brutal imposition of an extreme brand of Islam they rebelled. Fighting alongside them was the local Syrian Al-Qaeda cell – al Nusra. While Al-Qaeda and ISIS share many of the same intrinsic core beliefs and are both extreme terrorist groups they operate in fundamentally different manners. ISIS believes that it is necessary to establish territorial control and promote a Caliphate. Al-Qaeda are working towards the end goal of a caliphate but do not necessarily expect it to be established any time soon. ISIS believe that the declaration of the new Caliphate in 2014 was the first time in 1000 years that true Islam actually existed. Followers of ISIS believe that it is not possible to be a proper Muslim without pledging allegiance to a Caliph. The caliphate of the Ottoman Empire is regarded as a sham and all those who fail to pledge support to Al-Baghdadi (including Al-Qaeda) are failing in their duty as proper Muslims.

敘利亞北部的平民百姓開始反感並反抗ISIS的控制及其極端伊斯蘭式的野蠻殘暴。同樣對抗ISIS的還有當地敘利亞反對派組織。雖然基地組織與ISIS在本質上有些許相同之處，但是他們的運作方法卻有根本上的差異。ISIS認爲，建立地方控制來發揚哈里發政權是必要的。基地組織雖以建立哈里發政權爲戰鬥目標，但是時間上並沒有那麼緊迫。ISIS認爲，2014年新哈里發政權的建立意味着伊斯蘭的真正存在，而這也是1000年來的第一次。ISIS的追隨者相信，一名合格的伊斯蘭教徒應誓死效忠哈里發。他們認爲奧斯曼土耳其帝國的哈里發政權是一個騙局，那些沒有誓死追隨巴格達迪（包括基地組織）的人都算不上一個合格的穆斯林教徒。

'Liberate' Istanbul And Raise The Flag Of Allah Over The White House.

9.解放伊斯坦布爾，真主入住白宮

ISIS has understood the need to engage with people on modern platforms and as such they are expert operators of Social Media and will engage with select reporters if the collaboration will be of some benefit to them. In 2014 they worked with Vice News to create a documentary to disseminate their beliefs to the Western World. In this documentary they threatened to attack Istanbul.

ISIS明白他們必須在現代化的平臺上與人交戰。因此，他們善於利用社會媒體，也會與特定的記者合作，前提是對他們有利。2014年，ISIS與維斯新聞合作，拍了一部紀錄片，以向西方世界宣揚他們的信仰。在這部紀錄片中，他們威脅要襲擊伊斯坦布爾。

Turkey and Syria have been engaged in a long running dispute with Syria and Iraq concerning the building of the Ataturk Dam on the Euphrates River. This dam, built in the 1990s has helped regulate the availability of water in South East Turkey but it has, as a result, limited the amount of water reaching Syria and Iraq. ISIS threatened to 'liberate' Istanbul to force the opening of the dam. In the same video ISIS heckled the US, goading it to send soldiers who could be humiliated. They threatened to invade the west, capture women and orphan children and prophesied that the Flag of Allah would be raised over the White House. ISIS has further called on Muslims around the world to work together to kill 10 million Americans in retribution for the Muslims killed by the west.

土耳其長期以來與敘利亞和伊拉克衝突不斷，原因就是幼發拉底河上的阿塔圖爾克大壩（Ataturk Dam）。該水壩於20世紀90年代建成於土耳其南部，用於水的分配管理，敘利亞與伊拉克境內的可用水也因此減少。ISIS威脅要“解放”伊斯坦布爾，以迫使他們打開水壩。在這盤影像帶中，ISIS一直在刁難美國，意圖激怒美國派兵，好“供”他們羞辱。ISIS威脅要侵佔西方各國，捕獲婦女和孤兒，並預言真主的旗幟定會插在白宮之上。ISIS還號召全球的穆斯林國家共同努力，殺掉1000萬美國人以祭奠被西方各國殺害的穆斯林教徒。

at The Armies Of Rome At Dabiq

8.在達比克鎮大戰羅馬軍隊

The town of Dabiq in Syria has a symbolic importance to ISIS that goes far beyond its strategic value, so important, that ISIS has used the name of the town as the name for their propaganda magazine. This importance harks back to a statement in a hadith (a saying of the Prophet Mohammed) which claims that the armies of Rome will meet the Armies of Islam at Dabiq where there will be a battle in which Islam will be ultimately victorious. This battle is part of the final Armageddon, or end of days and the battle of Dabiq will precede the conquest of the world before Jesus will return to lead the armies of Islam.

敘利亞的達比克鎮對ISIS而言非常重要，其象徵意義超越了其戰略意義，ISIS甚至用達比克來命名其宣傳雜誌。這一重要性要追溯到穆罕默德聖訓。聖訓稱，羅馬大軍將在達比克鎮與伊斯蘭軍隊交戰，且伊斯蘭大軍會完勝。這場戰役是世界末日善惡決戰的一部分。在耶穌重新領導伊斯蘭大軍之前，達比克戰役就是他們征服世界的序曲。

It is not quite certain who ISIS considers to be the modern day 'Rome'. The term could refer to Turkey as Istanbul was the capital of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire in the time of Mohammed or it could be any western led army or coalition, indeed any grouping that opposes ISIS. ISIS itself appears to be almost desperate to entice the armies of the west to Dabiq, In November 2014 the video of the gruesome beheading of Peter Kassig, the American aid worker showed the executioner boasting that his body was to be buried in Dabiq stating they were waiting for the armies to arrive.

我們不知道ISIS會將誰看做現代版的羅馬，不過最有可能的是土耳其，畢竟在穆罕默德時期，伊斯坦布爾是拜占庭（東羅馬帝國）的首都。當然，也有可能是西方國家軍隊或聯盟。總之，只要反抗ISIS，就會被其當作死敵。ISIS費盡心機要把西方軍隊引到達比克鎮。2014年11月，美國救援人員皮特卡塞格被斬首，喪心病狂的劊子手將過程錄製下來，並聲稱將Peter的身體埋在了達比克鎮，等待美國大軍的到來。

Adhere To A Hardline Interpretation Of Islam

7.堅持伊斯蘭的強硬路線

It has become fashionable for those who condemn ISIS to claim they have nothing to do with Islam this is not factually correct. Many (indeed most) Muslims do not subscribe to or agree with ISIS' hardline interpretation of Islam but that does not mean that they are not Islamic or that they are not interpreting the Koran and other Islamic texts for their own ends. ISIS are Islamic fundamentalists –to fail to understand this is as wrong as failing to understand that extremist Christian groups can be both extreme and Christian. 92% of polled Saudi Arabians agreed, when asked that ISIS conformed to Islamic beliefs. This might not be surprising coming from Saudi Arabia where people follow a strict Wahhabist form of Islam but it is instructive. Any religion is open to both moderate and fundamentalist interpretations. It is more correct to say that the beliefs and practices of ISIS are not in line with modern moderate Muslim belief any more than moderate Christians believe in stoning women for adultery.

越來越多的人譴責ISIS，聲稱他們與伊斯蘭並無關係，其實這一觀點並不正確。許多（其實是大部分）穆斯林教徒不贊同ISIS的伊斯蘭強硬路線，但是這並不意味着ISIS不信仰伊斯蘭教或是不遵從《古蘭經》或其他宗教文獻的聖訓。ISIS是正統伊斯蘭教，這跟極端基督教組織既是極端分子又是基督教徒一樣。沙特阿拉伯的一項民意調查表明，92%的人認爲ISIS與伊斯蘭教義相符。沙特阿拉伯信奉的是伊斯蘭教裏是最爲嚴格的瓦哈比派，因此這個結果並不意外，反而提醒了我們：每一種宗教都有溫和派和基要派。ISIS的信條與做法並不符合現代溫和主義的穆斯林信條，但是一點兒也不比溫和主義基督教（溫和主義基督教徒認爲通姦的女子應亂石打死）更過分。

If we ascribe modern western or, indeed, modern Muslim, values to ISIS it will only lead to analysts and opponents to make mistakes in understanding what ISIS want. Indeed, understanding the Islamic beliefs of ISIS is one of the keys to understanding their motivation which is to live life exactly as ordained by the Prophet Mohammed. ISIS believe it is the duty of all Muslims to do this. ISIS believes it is at war, surrounded by non-believers (any Muslim who does not subscribe to their strict interpretation is considered an apostate) and hostile neighbors, struggling to establish their religion in exactly the same way as Mohammed all those years ago.

如果我們把現代西方，或者是現代穆斯林等同於ISIS，只會讓對手或分析家誤解ISIS真正所求。理解ISIS的伊斯蘭教信條是理解他們的動機——完全按照先知穆罕穆德的規定生活的關鍵之一。ISIS認爲所有穆斯林教徒都有義務這麼做。他們覺得自己已經處於戰爭之中，敵人是非信徒（所有不遵守ISIS嚴格信條的穆斯林），以及他們虎視眈眈的鄰居，要竭盡全力按照穆罕默德的指引建立起自己的宗教。

ute All Those Muslims They Believe To Be Apostate

6.處決所有叛教

Hand in hand with their desire to follow the teachings of Mohammed faithfully, ISIS believes that those Muslims who do not live exactly as they require are apostate, they follow a doctrine of Takfirism which requires all true Muslims to expose those who are apostate. There is no room for movement – to be a proper Muslim you must follow a hard line, pure, Sunni belief or you can legitimately be called apostate.

ISIS希望可以如實的遵從穆罕默德的教誨，而那些不遵守的穆斯林教徒都是叛教者。ISIS遵從Takfirism教條，要求所有真正的穆斯林教徒揭穿叛教者。一名合格的穆斯林教徒必須遵循強硬路線，純粹的正統派信條，否則你就是叛教者，對此沒有商量的餘地。

While all Muslims are required to honor the Koran and the sayings of Mohammed these are not the only requirements ISIS sets out for 'Muslim' life. According to their interpretation anyone who touches or sells any drugs or alcohol is apostate. Wearing the wrong type of clothing is forbidden and a beard is mandatory. Belief in or the following of any evolution from the strict form of Islam promulgated by Mohammed is considered to be anathema as Mohammed was guided by divine wisdom and therefore proposed the perfect religion which has no need of change. Those who are takfir have to be executed in order to save the world from their sin. ISIS do not permit their followers to vote in elections – so any Muslim living in any democracy who has voted is apostate as is any Muslim who has run for office (this includes all Muslim heads of state). ISIS are Sunni Muslims and therefore consider all other types of Muslims to be apostate including all Shiites. They consider the Muslim Brotherhood, Al-Qaeda and the Wahhabist leaders of Saudi Arabia to be apostate as none of them practice Islam in its original and therefor perfect form. The latter is particularly ironic as it is believed that much of the funding for ISIS comes from Saudi Wahhabists and its beliefs are founded on the extreme Wahhabism of the 1930s.

所有穆斯林教徒都必須遵從《古蘭經》以及穆罕默德的教誨，但這並非ISIS對教徒的唯一要求。根據ISIS對《古蘭經》的解析，接觸或販賣毒品和酒的人也是叛教者，不允許穿錯衣服，必須蓄鬚。只要信仰與穆罕默德教規稍有不同，就代表着他已被詛咒，因爲在ISIS看來，穆罕默德是被神所指引的，因此他們的完美宗教不需要任何改變。爲了讓世界免受他們的罪惡，takfir教徒必須受到懲罰。ISIS不允許他們的追隨者選舉投票，因此，任何一個生活在需要投票選舉的民主國家的穆斯林教徒都是叛教者，就像爲政府賣命的穆斯林教徒（包括所有穆斯林國家的首腦）一樣。ISIS是正統的穆斯林，因此他們認爲其他類型的穆斯林教都是叛教者，包括所有什葉派教徒。他們認爲穆斯林的兄弟教，沙特阿拉伯的基地組織和瓦哈比派的領導者都是叛教，因爲他們並不遵從原始且完美的伊斯蘭。諷刺的是，ISIS的大部分基金來自於沙特的瓦哈比派，他們的信仰也是建立在20世紀30年代的極端瓦哈比主義智商。

翻譯：由敬雯 審校：祝冉華 來源:前十網