年終總結：年職場十大趨勢

This year, through primary research through my company and secondary research by a variety of trusted sources, I’ve tracked ten major workplace trends affecting the world of work. They focus on the generational shift, the rise of freelancing, the skills gap and more. From a professional perspective, understanding these trends will give you the leg up as you make career choices. From the corporate perspective, these trends will help you make more informed business decisions. Here are my top ten:
今年，根據我公司對一系列可靠資源的初步研究和二次研究，我已跟蹤到會給工作領域造成影響的職場十大趨勢。他們集中在世代交替、自由職業者的崛起和技能差距等等。從專業的角度來看，當你做出職業抉擇的時候，瞭解這些趨勢將助你一臂之力。從企業的角度來看，這些趨勢將有助於你做出更加明智的商業決策。這裏是我列舉出的前十大趨勢：

1. Millennials will rise up.
1. “千禧一代”將崛起。

Despite all the reports of the poor economy and the high unemployment rate for Gen Y, they will start to get jobs again. They will become nearly 30% of the American workforce next year and that number will increase substantially in the next five to ten years. As millennials enter and boomers retire, new life will be breathed into corporations and policies will change rapidly.
雖然“Y世代”（1974-1980年出生的人）面臨艱難的經濟形勢和高企的失業率，但是他們將重新開始找到工作。明年他們在美國就業人口中所佔比例將接近30%，在未來五到十年，那個數字還將大幅增加。隨着“千禧一代”（1984-1995年出生的人）加入勞動大軍和嬰兒潮（1946-1964年出生的人）一代的退休，企業被注入新的生機，政策將迅速改變。

2. Working from home becomes mainstream.
2. 在家工作成爲主流。

We’ve heard some companies trusting their employees enough to let them work from home. In 2013, companies will realize the cost savings and the productivity increase and give their employees more flexibility. While in years past flexibility programs were viewed as a perk, they will become more standardized and expected. One of the best examples is Aetna. 47% of their 35,000 employees work from home and they have saved an estimated 15% to 25% on real estate costs at an annual savings of about $80 million.
我們都聽說因爲一些企業對他們的員工足夠信任以至允許他們在家辦公。2013年，企業將不僅意識到在家工作有助節約成本和提高工作效率，還將給予其員工更多的靈活性。在過去的幾年中，雖然彈性工作制被視爲是一種福利，但他們將變得更加標準化，需求也將越來越大。最好的案例之一就是美國安泰保險公司（Aetna）。在該公司3.5萬人的員工當中，有47%的職員在家工作，如此一來，這能夠爲公司省下15%到25%的辦公場地成本，每年節省的經費估計高達越8,000萬美元。

3. Emphasis on employee engagement.
3. 重視員工敬業度。

Employers are still having major retention problems and it’s costing them a fortune. In 2013, they will focus more on employee engagement to increase their retention rates. An October survey by MSW Research and Dale Carnegie Training found only a mere 29% of employees are fully engaged. One example is when MGM Resorts put on an entire show for their employees this month.
員工留存仍然是僱主面臨的大問題，這將花掉他們一大筆錢。2013年，他們將更加重視員工的敬業度，而不是他們的員工留存率。MSW研究公司和戴爾-卡耐基培訓學校10月份的一項調查顯示僅有區區29%的員工會全身心投入工作。其中一個事例是美高梅國際酒店集團（MGM Resorts）在這個月爲他們的員工奉獻了一場完整的演出。

4. More boomers retire.
4. 越來越多的嬰兒潮一代人退休。

The shift in workplace demographics is finally upon us. Boomers will start to leave the workplace and retire next year and it’s about time. This will free up positions for Gen X and Gen Y to take leadership roles. The question is which generation will seize their roles?
職場人口結構的轉變最終落在了我們身上。嬰兒潮一代人將開始離開職場，並在明年退休，現在是時候了。這將爲X和Y世代的人騰出工作崗位去擔任領導職務。問題是，哪一代人將會拿到到這些職位？

5. Intrapreneurship is embraced.
5. 支持內部創業精神。

Companies are starting to understand how entrepreneurial Gen Y is and in order to compete with startups, intrapreneurship programs will take off. Aside from EY, PwC, DreamWorks, Microsoft, Google and Facebook, LinkedIn has now created their own program called “[in]cubator.” Employees with an idea can organize a team and pitch their project to executive staff once a quarter.
企業正開始瞭解Y世代的創業精神，爲了與初創企業競爭，內部創業項目將開始啓動。除了安永、普華永道、夢工廠、微軟公司、谷歌和Facebook，LinkedIn目前已經創建了他們自己的項目，名爲“孵化器”。有想法的員工可以組織一個團隊，每季度向他們的高管推銷一次他們的計劃。6. Freelance nation booms.
6. 自由職業的大爆發。

We keep hearing about the surplus of freelancers out there and it’s just the beginning. Next year, there will be millions more freelancers, replacing full-time workers. Companies will hire experts to solve problems instead of full-time employees and save on benefit packages. This is due to the economy and how corporations operate now. One third of American workers are freelancers, reports NBC News.
我們不斷耳聞有關自由職業者供大於求的消息，這僅僅是個開端。明年，美國將涌現出數百萬自由職業者，取代全職員工。企業將聘請專家來解決問題，而非全職員工，從而節省福利開支。自由職業者的興起與美國目前的經濟形勢和企業運營方式有關。據美國國家廣播公司新聞網報道，現在美國有三分之一的勞動者是自由職業者。

7. The skills gap shrinks.
7. 技能差距縮小。

As of this year, there are over 12 million people who are unemployed and 3.6 million open positions, reports the Bureau of Labor Statistics. American Manufacturers have 600,000 unfilled positions and 34% of companies say they are having trouble filling open positions. I see this skills gap shrinking as new talent enters the workforce, companies work with schools to train the next generation workforce and people realize that they need new skills in order to get jobs.
據美國勞工統計局的數據顯示，就在今年，美國有超過1,200萬人在家待業，同時有360萬個空缺崗位。美國的製造商有60萬個職位處於空缺狀態，34%的企業表示他們在填補這些空缺職位時遇到了麻煩。隨着新人才加入勞動大軍，加上企業和學校合作培養新一代勞動力，同時人們意識到爲了得到工作需要掌握新的技能，這種情況下，我預計技能差距將會縮小。

8. Internal hiring takes off.
8. 內部招聘開始流行。

It costs companies 1.7x as much to hire an external candidate. The top reason why millennials leave companies is lack of career opportunities. My research shows that companies are starting to give opportunities to their employees over anyone else. This also means that job seekers will suffer. Internal hiring is good for employee morale, saves them money and is quicker (weeks versus months).
公司僱傭外部候選人的成本是內部招聘的1.7倍。“千禧一代”離開公司最主要的原因是缺乏職業發展機會。我的研究顯示企業開始向他們自己的員工提供機會。這同樣意味着求職者將遭受打擊。內部招聘可以提振員工士氣，節省成本，而且到崗更快（相比外部招聘幾個月才能到崗，內部招聘幾周就能人員到位）。

9. Employees become social advocates.
9. 員工成爲社交網絡的擁躉。

Companies will start to leverage their talent in order to recruit and market. They will finally realize that they can just use their employees to get the word out instead of wasting money on advertising. Companies will become publishers and in some capacity compete with the likes of magazines and newspapers. IBM, for instance, has 32,000 employee blogs that touch on every area of their business.
爲了招募人手和營銷，企業將開始利用員工的社交才華。企業最終將意識到，只要能調動員工在社交網絡上開展宣傳，效果遠好過把錢浪費在廣告上。公司將成爲內容發佈者，在一定程度上與雜誌和報紙這樣的傳媒形成競爭。比如，IBM，擁有3.2萬個員工，其員工博客涉及到他們業務的各個領域。

10. Women start to outpace men at work.
10. 女性開始在工作中超過男性。

One billion women will enter the workplace in the next decade. Research shows that they are more educated than men and many are saying that they will start taking leadership positions away from them. Sheryl Sandberg and Marissa Mayer are just the beginning. Look for more females to break into top roles next year and beyond.
在未來十年內，將有10億女性加入到勞動大軍。研究顯示，她們的受教育程度要高於男性，許多女性認爲她們將開始擔任領導角色。雪莉-桑德伯格和瑪麗莎-梅耶爾只是個開始。期待今後有更多女性成功進入高管行列。