走進日本:日本校服

In Japan, most schools have uniforms for their students. The distinctive, traditional outfits were originally inspired by military designs, but since the 1980s, new styles have emerged.
日本的初中和高中幾乎都有校服，有的學生甚至按照自己的制服喜好決定升學的學校，最近類似校服的便裝也很流行。

Military Styles
男生穿“學生服”，女生穿“水手服”
A boy's uniform with stand-up collar.
一個穿學生服（立領）的男生

Traditional Japanese school uniforms show the influence of old European military uniforms. In this style, boys typically wear black or navy blue pants and jackets with stand-up collars. The first institute to introduce this kind of uniform was the Imperial University (now the University of Tokyo) in 1886. They are now worn principally by boys at junior high and high schools.
在日本，說到校服一般是指學生服和水手服。學生服是男生的校服，立領上衣加西裝長褲，顏色爲黑色或藏青色。據說這個款式源自於1886年帝國大學（現東京大學）制定的校服式樣，現在主要由初中和高中採用。
The distinctive sailor outfits for junior high and high school girls, with their large naval-style collars, are said to have first been used at St. Agnes' University (Heian Jogakuin) in Kyoto in 1920. The uniform features in the popular manga and anime Sailor Moon, in which it is worn by the magical schoolgirl heroines. At some schools, students wear different ribbons in different grades, switching from red to blue to white, for example, as they move up each year.
水手服是女生穿的校服，其特點是帶有一個很大且形狀獨特的“水手領”。日本的人氣漫畫《美少女戰士》，描繪的就是身穿水手服的美少女戰士們的故事。據說1920年，京都的平安女學院首次採用了水手服作爲校服，現在主要是初中和高中採用這個款式。有些學校還規定不同學年系不同顏色的領巾（或領結），例如一年級是紅色，二年級是藍色，三年級是白色等。
A New Kind of Uniform
看校服選學校的傾向
A girl's blazer-style uniform.
穿西便裝款式的校服的女孩

In the 1980s, a new style of uniform emerged, based around a blazer with gold buttons and an emblem on the chest, similar to that worn by some countries' Olympic athletes at opening and closing ceremonies.
上世紀80年代開始出現了不同於以往學生服和水手服的新款式校服，比較典型的是西便裝款式的校服，上衣繡有校徽並配以金色的鈕釦，常使人聯想起奧運會運動員入場儀式上穿的制服。
Compared with the traditional style, these new uniforms have a more similar look for boys and girls. They might consist of the same gray or navy blue blazer matched with checked pants for boys and checked skirts for girls. The blazer style has become increasingly popular in recent years, perhaps because it appears smarter than the longer-standing uniforms.
西便裝款式的男女生校服大多數風格近似，無論男女，上裝一律是灰色或藏青色的西便服，下裝往往是男生配格子褲，女生配格子裙。相比學生服和水手服，大概是因爲西便裝校服顯得更瀟灑漂亮，近年來越來越多的學校採用了這種款式。
Uniform designs show significant differences between their summer and winter versions. Some schools even get famous designers in to create their uniforms, as alongside academic reputation and atmosphere, a stylish outfit can be a factor for students in selecting where to study. For some fashion-conscious tweens and teens, wearing a uniform that looks good is very important.
另外，有的學校的校服，夏季和冬季的款式大不相同，有些學校還委託著名設計師來設計校服。這是因爲，不少學生不僅僅根據教學質量和校風來選擇學校，校服是否可愛漂亮也會左右她們的決定。對處於多愁善感時期的10來歲學生來說，每天穿着的校服是否可愛是不可忽視的一大要素。
Sweater vests are a part of some recent uniforms.
毛衣背心是最近流行的部分校服樣式。

Changing Fashions
隨時代而變化，校服的另類穿搭
High school girls wearing loose socks in Shibuya, Tokyo, in 2003.
2003年前後的澀谷，穿着泡泡襪的女高中生

There have always been young people who have sought to add a little originality by bending the uniform rules.
無論哪個時代，總有年輕人喜歡挑戰既有的標準，通過施加些許變化，追求與衆不同的獨創性。
In the 1990s, the fashion for high school girls was very long and baggy “loose socks,” often paired with an extremely short skirt. Loose clothes were also popular with boys, who imitated American rappers in wearing oversized shirts and pants.
到了90年代，女高中生中間開始流行一種超短裙配泡泡襪的穿法，而男生則流行穿大號襯衫加一條肥大長褲，有點像模仿美國的說唱歌手的風格，鬆垮式衣着風靡一時。
The recent vogue for pastel colors and slim-fit designs has brought a more simple and traditional look for girls, with the aim of achieving a slender profile. Black knee high socks are also a current trend.
最近中間色彩和貼身合體風格較受歡迎，典雅而清秀的氛圍受到人們的喜愛。大概是由於人們心底都蘊藏了一種“穿出好身材”的願望，似有喜好苗條的傾向。黑色長統襪也很受歡迎。
Uniforms on sale.
校服櫃檯

And more and more junior high and high schools are starting not to require uniforms at all. In these cases, it is common for students to wear smart clothing that looks like a uniform, but allows for individual expression. There are specialist shops for stylish school outfits that are popular with high school girls―and even some foreign tourists.
另外，近來不採用校服的中學在增多，穿着看似校服的便裝去上學成爲一種新的流行趨勢，一些時尚制服專賣店和郵購服務，在女高中生及外國遊客中間很受歡迎。