盤點10種仍在使用的恐怖武器(中)
rine Gas
7.氯氣Chemical warfare has been banned since the atrocities that took place during WWI. That was the time when systematic chemical warfare came into being as well as when it stopped…theoretically.
自從第一次世界大戰期間的殘暴行爲之後化學戰已被禁止。那是系統化學戰應運而生同時也是它走向消亡的時期（只是理論上）。Since then the Nazis were the ones who used poisoned gas to kill off people in the Holocaust, as well as the Japanese against people from China.
從那時之後，納粹使用毒氣進行過大屠殺，日本也使用其對付中國人。
After WWII chemical weapons of different sorts have been used in some rare and isolated conflicts around the world.
二戰以後不同種類的化學武器被用於世界各地的一些罕見的和獨立的衝突當中。
More recently however different reports have surfaced showing that at least one side in this whole Syrian conflict to be using chlorine gas as a weapon on entire villages.
然而最近不同的報告揭露，在整個敘利亞衝突中至少有一方使用氯氣作爲對付整個村莊的武器。Chemical compounds in chlorine gas are acid-forming and have a pronounced effect on the respiratory system, flooding it and often times resulting in suffocation.
氯氣中的化學成分是形成酸的組分，並對呼吸系統有極強的腐蝕性，如果吸入通常會導致窒息。Moreover, survivors of such an attack will most likely suffer chronic breathing problems.
此外，遭受這種攻擊的倖存者極有可能患有慢性呼吸病。What is frightening here is that in desperation and war, people will often times resort to horrible means of achieving their goals and it seems that chlorine gas and chemical warfare might even make a comeback.
最讓人感到可怕的是在絕望和戰爭中，人們往往會藉助於恐怖手段以達到自己的目的，這意味着氯氣和化學戰可能重現江湖。eted Uranium
6.貧鈾Depleted uranium (DU) is the waste that's left behind after a process known as nuclear enrichment, creating fuel for a nuclear reactor.
在爲核反應堆生成燃料的核濃縮過程之後，留下的廢棄物就是貧鈾。Depleted uranium is very dense, 68% more so than lead, and it just happens to be lying around after the enrichment process.
貧鈾的密度非常大，比鉛還大68%，並且恰好在濃縮過程之後產生。It has several civilian uses such as shielding for radiography cameras, trimming weights in airplanes, coloring for dental porcelain, and as sampling calorimeters for use in particle physics.
在民用方面，主要用於屏蔽攝相機、調整飛機重量、爲牙科瓷着色、在粒子物理學中作爲抽樣熱量計。
Nevertheless, its main use is in manufacturing weapons. Its density makes it ideal for armor, armor piercing bullets and tank shells.
然而，其主要用途是製造武器。由於密度大，它成爲了製造盔甲、穿甲彈和坦克的絕佳材料。All good so far, but when firing such a weapon, once it hits, the uranium fractures into several shards and a fine powder so hot it burns upon contact with the air, forming a huge fire ball.
到目前爲止提到的這些都很好，但如果發射這樣的武器，一旦擊中，鈾會破裂成一些碎片和細粉，這些細粉熱度很高，一但與空氣接觸就會燃燒，形成一個巨大的火球。This dust then flies into the atmosphere and then settles on the ground, becoming a huge health hazard. Even though depleted, DU has a weak radiation output which becomes highly dangerous in powder form.
然後這些粉塵會飛到大氣中，接着落定到地面上，對生命健康造成巨大的威脅。雖然貧鈾是貧化的，但是它會發出微弱的輻射，這樣的輻射如果形成粉末就會變得非常危險。If ingested either by breathing it in or drinking it in water, it can have horrible effects.
一旦人們通過呼吸攝入了這樣的粉末或者飲用了含有這種粉末的水，後果不堪設想。Parts of the Balkans and Iraq, places where these weapons have been used extensively, have reported a steep rise in child leukemia and birth defects.
在巴爾幹半島和伊拉克的部分地區，有報道稱：在已經廣泛使用這些武器的地方，兒童白血病和先天缺陷的發病率急劇上升。Even though these types of weapons are still used on a wide scale, the UN has recommended that these weapons fall in the category of chemical weapons, thus making their use illegal.
儘管這類武器現在仍在廣大範圍內使用，但聯合國提出：這些武器屬於化學武器類別，所以其使用是非法的。lm bombs
5.凝固汽油彈A napalm bomb is a firebomb fuel gel mixture, which has a gel-like consistency allowing it to stick to targets.
凝固汽油炸彈是一種燃燒彈、燃料、凝膠混合物，其凝膠一樣的稠度使它可以黏住目標。Used in combination with gasoline or kerosene and incased in a thin aluminum shell, a napalm bomb burns at temperatures greater than 5,000 degrees F (2,760 C) when ignited.
結合汽油或煤油使用，並用一層鋁殼包裹，凝固汽油炸彈點燃時的燃燒溫度遠超過5000華氏度（2760攝氏度）。Making its debut in WWII, napalm was used by the US Air force over Tokyo in the later stages of the war, killing an estimated 100,000 people and razing 15 square miles of the city to the ground.
二戰時凝固汽油彈初次亮相，在戰爭後期美國空軍對東京投放了凝固汽油彈，造成大約十萬人死亡，並將15平方英里的城市夷爲平地。Allied forces also bombed Dresden with napalm in February, 1945, killing somewhere between 35,000 and 135,000 German civilians. But its most intensive use was during the Korea and Vietnam Wars.
其盟軍也於1945年二月用凝固汽油彈轟炸了德累斯頓，造成某地35000-135000德國人民的死亡。但其最密集的使用是在朝鮮戰爭和越南戰爭期間。
Since they're quite inaccurate, napalm bombs are classified as "dumb bombs" and are mainly effective against fortified positions like bunkers, caves and tunnels, as well as vehicles, convoys, small bases, structures or even entire forests.
由於凝固汽油彈非常不準確，它又被歸爲“愚蠢的炸彈”，同時，凝固汽油彈主要對設防陣地有效，比如地堡、洞穴、隧道，或是車輛、車隊、小基地、結構建築，甚至整個森林。They're also appreciated for the fear they instill in the enemy. Besides adhering to the skin and causing hard to treat second or third degree burns, napalm also produces toxic gases, fatal if inhaled.
它們也因在敵軍中創造的恐懼而備受重視。凝固汽油彈如果接觸到皮膚，會導致難以醫治的二級或三級燒傷，除此之外，它還會產生有害氣體，這種氣體吸入則致命。Also burning the oxygen around the blast area, it is very likely for people to die just from asphyxiation alone.
凝固汽油彈的燃燒還會消耗爆炸區域周圍的氧氣，這很有可能導致人們死於窒息。There have even been reports of people jumping into rivers in order to escape the hellish fire, only to boil in the water because of the extremely high temperatures.
甚至曾有報道稱，有人跳入河中以躲避這地獄之火，卻被沸水燙死，這是因爲河水的溫度也極高。Protocol III of the 1980 United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons forbade the use of napalm or any other incendiary weapon on civilians, but the United States, even if it ratified the convention, isn't part of Protocol III.
1980年 《聯合國特定常規武器公約》第三號協定書中提出：禁止對民衆使用凝固汽油彈或其他任何燃燒武器。但是即使美國也批准了這條公約，它依舊不是第三號協定書的成員。Using this highly destructive weapon is controversial at best and many nations frowned upon the US for using it in both the Afghanistan and Iraq wars of the past decade.
使用這個破壞性巨大的武器是備受爭議的，許多國家非常反對美國過去十年裏在阿富汗和伊拉克戰爭中使用凝固汽油彈。e Phosphorus
4.白磷彈White phosphorus (WP) is a chemical compound often used in warfare as artillery shells and grenades in order to create smoke so it can provide cover, or sometimes even used as a marker to illuminate certain targets.
白磷彈是一種化學合成武器,經常用於戰爭中,類似於炮彈和手榴彈的發射方式，目的是製造煙霧，提供掩護，有時候還用於標記出確定的目標。This sounds innocent enough and might well save lives by using it in this manner, but unfortunately this is not the only use for white phosphorus in military operations.
白磷這名字聽起來人畜無害，而且看它的用法好像還能救人性命，但很遺憾，它並不僅在軍事行動中發揮作用。Willy Pete, as it is named in military jargon, when in contact with air, spontaneously ignites and burns at tremendously high temperatures.
白磷出自軍事術語，一與空氣接觸就會燃燒，溫度也會急劇升高。The white smoke it produces is a result of phosphorus pentoxide coming in contact with moisture in the air or, let's say, a person.
白磷燃燒產生的白煙與空氣中的水分接觸會產生五氧化二磷。
When this happens, phosphoric acid is formed. WP continues to burn until it runs out of oxygen or the substance is depleted.
或者這麼說吧，當白煙和空氣接觸，就產生了磷酸，而白磷彈會一直燃燒，直到氧氣耗光或是白磷耗盡。Besides being toxic if inhaled, WP literally melts its way down to the bone when in contact with live tissue.
此外白磷的味道聞起來簡直讓人“過鼻不忘”，而吸入白磷燃燒產生的氣體會中毒。This weapon falls in the same category as napalm and is under fairly strict regulations of the 1980 UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.
白磷彈與凝固汽油彈屬於同一類別，並受到1980年頒佈的《聯合國特定常規武器公約》的嚴格管控。What we mean by "fairly" is the fact that, even though white phosphorus is allowed in war, and only against military objectives, it can only kill with its burning properties, not its chemical ones.
由於白磷彈僅憑燃燒的特性就能置人於死地，更別提還含有化學成分，所以它只允許被用於戰爭中，並且只能針對軍事目標使用。Though denying it at first, Israel admitted using WP on both military and civilian targets in their 2008-2009 offensives in Gaza.
儘管以色列開始否認白磷彈，但最終還是承認在2008年至2009年加沙的軍事行動中同時對軍方和平民使用過它。
