蒂勒森 從CEO到國務卿提名人
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, when his fellow teenagers were going to rock festivals and protesting against the war in Vietnam, Rex Tillerson spent his summers with the Boy Scouts of America as aquatics director at Camp Strake, about 35 miles north of Houston.
上世紀60年代末和70年代初，當同齡人都去參加搖滾音樂節並反對越南戰爭時，十幾歲的雷克斯.蒂勒森(Rex Tillerson)卻利用暑期，在休斯頓以北約35英里的Strake營地擔任美國童子軍(Boy Scouts of America)的游泳指導。
Today he is one of America’s most powerful business leaders as chief executive of ExxonMobil,
如今，他擔任埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)首席執行官，是美國最有權勢的企業領導人之一。
and says he owes it all to scouting.
他表示，這一切要完全歸因於他在童子軍得到的鍛鍊。
All of the leadership training I got, I got in the Boy Scouts of America, he told a meeting of the organisation in October.
他在今年10月該公司的一次會議上表示：我的全部領導力培訓都是從美國童子軍獲得的。
Now he is about to find out whether the lessons he learnt splashing around five decades ago will hold good in the swamps of Washington.
如今，他即將確定大約50年前他在水裏撲騰時學到的本領是否在華盛頓也能派上用處。
Until he was chosen this week by Donald Trump to be his nominee for secretary of state, Mr Tillerson had been heading for a comfortable retirement next year.
在最近被唐納德.特朗普(Donald Trump)提名爲美國國務卿之前，蒂勒森已準備明年退休安度晚年了。
He could have been spending more time with his second wife Renda and his four children, and on his interests including scouting, the church and golf.
他本可以與他的第二任妻子(Renda)和他的4個子女度過更多時光，去做自己喜歡做的事情例如童子軍活動、教堂活動和高爾夫。
Instead, he has walked into a firestorm.
然而他卻走入了一場風暴。
His selection to be the top US diplomat has been denounced across the political spectrum.
他被提名爲美國最高外交官一事受到了美國政界的普遍譴責。
Environmentalists have been furious that the oil industry is apparently taking the reins in Washington, while hawkish Republicans such as Marco Rubio, the senator for Florida, have raised concerns about Mr Tillerson’s ties to Russia’s President Vladimir Putin.
環境保護主義者對於石油行業顯然將要在華盛頓當家作主感到憤怒，而共和黨鷹派人士，如佛羅里達州參議員馬可.魯比奧(Marco Rubio)對於蒂勒森與俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾.普京(Vladimir Putin)的關係提出擔憂。
Meanwhile his strengths, including the experience that comes from leading a $380bn global company, are largely being ignored.
與此同時，蒂勒森的優點基本上被忽視，比如他領導一家市值3800億美元的全球企業的經驗。
His path to confirmation is looking rocky.
他的提名被國會確認的道路看似困難重重。
Solidly built, with a slow Texan drawl and a mane of silver hair, Mr Tillerson certainly looks the part for Mr Trump’s testosterone-heavy top team.
蒂勒森身材魁梧，說話時拖着德克薩斯州人特有的慢吞吞的語調，一頭銀髮，他看上去肯定像是特朗普散發出陽剛之氣的最高團隊的合適成員。
He knows something about projecting an image in the world of American strength and competence,
布魯金斯學會(Brookings Institution)的蘇珊妮.馬洛尼(Suzanne Maloney)表示：他懂得如何將美國實力和競爭力的形象投射到全球。
says Suzanne Maloney of the Brookings Institution, who worked as an adviser to Exxon in the early 2000s.
馬洛尼曾在本世紀初擔任埃克森美孚的顧問。
There was not much in his childhood to suggest he was destined for high office.
蒂勒森在少年時期並未顯示出他註定會躋身高層的跡象。
Born in Wichita Falls in north Texas, he was the son of a mobile baker who took a pay cut to become a professional scout leader.
他生在德克薩斯州北部的威奇托福爾斯(Wichita Falls)，他的父親是一位流動麪包師，後來接受減薪成爲一名職業童子軍領導人。
He had his first job at eight, helping his mother mow lawns, and at 16 worked as a janitor at Oklahoma State University, while at the weekends picking cotton and beans.
蒂勒森在8歲時得到了第一份工作，幫助他媽媽修剪草坪，16歲時，他在俄克拉荷馬州立大學(Oklahoma State University)當清潔工，週末則摘棉花和豆子。
The scouts were responsible for enthusing him about engineering, putting up televisions at a jamboree so the boys could watch the moon landing in 1969.
童子軍經歷讓他對工程產生興趣，1969年，他曾在童子軍大會上擺上電視機，讓男孩子們觀看阿波羅登月。
The other institution that has moulded him is Exxon, where he has worked for 41 years since joining in 1975 immediately after graduating from the University of Texas.
另一個塑造蒂勒森性格的組織是埃克森美孚，1975年從德克薩斯大學(University of Texas)畢業後，他立刻加入埃克森美孚，在那裏工作了41年。
In the oil industry Exxon is universally admired for its engineering excellence, but sometimes resented for the arrogance and inflexibility of its managers.
在石油行業，埃克森美孚因其工程卓越而受到普遍讚譽，但有時又因其管理者的傲慢和刻板而受到厭惡。
As one observer puts it, it is high IQ but low EQ.
正如一位觀察人士所言，該公司屬於高智商低情商。
Mr Tillerson fitted in well.
蒂勒森非常適應這種環境。
He is a product of the Exxon culture, which is extremely process-driven, says the former chief executive of another large oil company.
另一家大型石油公司的前首席執行官表示：他是埃克森美孚文化的產物，那裏極度程序化。
He has been a solid leader at Exxon, not quite matching the impact of his acclaimed predecessor Lee Raymond.
蒂勒森在埃克森美孚是一位穩健型領導者，在產生的影響上與受人尊敬的前任李.雷蒙德(Lee Raymond)不在一個水平上。
He was slow to grasp the potential of the shale revolution that transformed the US oil and gas industry in the 2000s.
他在意識到頁岩革命的潛力方面行動緩慢，這場革命在本世紀頭10年徹底改變了美國油氣行業。
One former rival at a large oil company praises him as very careful, and very thorough, and very conservative.
某大型石油公司的前競爭對手稱讚他非常謹慎，非常周全，而且非常保守。
He is also a tough negotiator.
蒂勒森還是一位強硬的談判對手。
That quality was vital in Russia, after he took responsibility for Exxon’s operations there in 1998.
在他1998年接掌埃克森美孚俄羅斯業務後，這種特質在俄羅斯非常重要。
He played a key role in driving forward the big Sakhalin 1 oil development off the country’s far eastern coast, while the government dragged its feet and tried to apply pressure to secure a better deal.
他在推動俄羅斯遠東海岸的薩哈林一號(Sakhalin 1)大型石油開發項目上發揮了重要作用，與此同時俄羅斯政府故意拖延，試圖施壓以尋求更有利的交易。
Then, after he had taken over as chief executive in 2006, Exxon was able to fight off competition from US and European rivals to sign a series of potentially lucrative deals in 2011-13 with the state-controlled oil company Rosneft.
然後，在他於2006年擔任埃克森美孚首席執行官以後，該公司得以擊敗美歐競爭對手，在2011年至2013年與俄羅斯國有控股的俄羅斯石油公司(Rosneft)簽訂了一系列潛在盈利可觀的協議。
Those relationships worry many US politicians.
這些關係讓很多美國政治人士感到擔憂。
Mr Tillerson was awarded Russia’s Order of Friendship in 2013.
2013年，蒂勒森被俄羅斯授予友誼勳章(Order of Friendship)。
John McCain, the Republican senator, observed this week that he would never accept an award from Mr Putin.
共和黨參議員約翰.麥凱恩(John McCain)最近表示，他永遠不會接受普京頒發的任何獎勵。
But some say the concerns are misplaced.
但一些人表示這些擔憂是錯位的。
I don’t think the ‘friendship’ with Putin is anything more than a working relationship, says one former chief executive You have to go where the oil is, even if you don’t like it.
我不認爲與普京的‘友誼’具有超越工作關係的任何內涵，一位前首席執行官表示，哪裏有石油，你就必須到哪裏去，即便你不喜歡。
On climate change, Mr Tillerson’s critics have more of a case.
在氣候變化問題上，蒂勒森的批評者們擁有更多的口實。
At a conference in London in October, he said: We share the view that the risks of climate change are real and require serious action.
在今年10月倫敦的一個會議上，他曾表示：我們都認爲，氣候變化的風險是切實的，需要認真的行動。
But when he discusses the issue, he does not sound like an enthusiast for action to cut greenhouse gas emissions and rejects the idea that oil companies must go beyond fossil fuels.
但在他討論這個問題時，他聽上去不像是一位熱衷於減排行動的人，並且拒絕有關石油公司必須超越化石燃料的觀點。
While Russia and climate change seem likely to be the key issues for his confirmation, other questions may turn out to be more contentious if Mr Tillerson makes it to the state department.
儘管俄羅斯和氣候變化可能會成爲蒂勒森的提名得到國會確認的關鍵問題，但如果他成功出任國務卿，其他問題可能更具爭議。
He is a pragmatist, and has not expressed many strong opinions about the world, but unlike Mr Trump he has been a public supporter of free trade.
他是一位務實主義者，從未就世界問題表達過很多強有力的觀點，但與特朗普不同，他一直公開支持自由貿易。
On that issue he may have to fight in the cabinet, or else set his principles aside.
在這個問題上，他可能要在特朗普內閣爭鬥一番，否則他就要放棄自己的原則。
Speaking about the scouts’ duties, Mr Tillerson said: Whatever direction we take, whether we like it [and] agree with it or not, we have a duty to this country as citizens, to participate in this government.
在談到童子軍的責任時，蒂勒森表示：不管我們走哪個方向，不管我們是否喜歡以及是否認同，作爲公民，我們都對這個國家負有責任，要參與到政府中來。
It is a fine ideal, and now he is trying to live by it.
這是一種很好的理想，如今他正試圖踐行這種理念。
But the reality of government may turn out to be rather more messy.
但政府的現實可能被證明更加混亂。
