[新鮮書市]海明威被爆是失敗的克格勃間諜

海明威被爆是失敗的克格勃間諜

來源：Guardian(衛報) 編輯：Vicki

時至今日，海明威在人們的眼中一直是個傳奇人物，一直吸引着人民的關注。幾乎每個月都有一片新的關於海明威的傳記片出來，一部新的回憶錄。上週，一部偵探小說的出版再一次把人們的眼球吸引到了這位傳奇人物身上。 John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr和Alexander Vassiliev在自己最新的間諜小說《克格勃在美國的興衰》書中稱海明威事實上是一名失敗的克格勃間諜。

Hemingway revealed as failed KGB spy

Up till now, this has been a notably （顯而易見的）cheerful year for admirers of Ernest Hemingway – a surprisingly diverse set of people who range from Michael Palin to ElMore Leonard. Almost every month has brought good news: a planned Hemingway biopic（傳記片）; a new, improved version of his memoir, A Moveable Feast; the opening of a digital archive（檔案文件） of papers found in his Cuban home; progress on a movie of Islands in the Stream.

Last week, however, saw the publication of Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America（克格勃在美國的興與衰） (Yale University Press), which reveals the Nobel prize-winning novelist was for a while on the KGB's list of its agents in America. Co-written by John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr and Alexander Vassiliev, the book is based on notes that Vassiliev, a former KGB officer, made when he was given access in the 90s to Stalin-era intelligence archives in Moscow.

Its section on the author's secret life as a "dilettante（半吊子） spy" draws on his KGB file in saying he was recruited in 1941 before making a trip to China, given the cover name "Argo", and "repeatedly expressed his desire and willingness to help us" when he met Soviet agents in Havana and London in the 40s. However, he failed to "give us any political information" and was never "verified in practical work", so contacts with Argo had ceased by the end of the decade. Was he only ever a pseudo-spook, possibly seeing his clandestine（黑市交易） dealings as potential literary material, or a genuine but hopelessly ineffective one?

The latter reading would chime with（與……一致） his attempts to assist the US during the second world war in his fishing boat El Pilar, patrolling waters north of Cuba in search of U-Boats, making coded notes but only one sighting.

Revelations（泄露） made in recent years have not been kind to some of the writers and artists who made their reputations in the Spanish civil war. George Orwell's list of public figures who were crypto-communists（共產黨祕密黨員）, prepared for a Foreign Office propaganda arm in 1949, sullied his saintly image when it was published six years ago. Research in Soviet archives led Antony Beevor to call Andre Malraux a "mythomaniac（說謊狂）". Robert Capa has been accused of faking the best-known photo of that conflict. The virulent（劇毒的） hatred of Arabs of Martha Gellhorn - Hemingway's third wife, who covered the civil war with him - has been exposed. And now it's the turn of Hemingway himself, the biggest name of all, to lose some of his lustre.

Keke View：海明威，E.）（Ernest Hemingway l899～1961）
美國小說家。1954年度的諾貝爾文學獎獲得者。生於鄉村醫生家庭，從小喜歡釣魚、打獵、音樂和繪畫，曾作爲紅十字會車隊司機參加第一次世界大戰，以後長期擔任駐歐記者，並曾以記者身份參加第二次世界大戰和西班牙內戰。晚年患多種疾病，精神十分抑鬱，經多次醫療無效，終用獵槍自殺。他的早期長篇小說《太陽照樣升起》（1927）、《永別了，武器》（1927）成爲表現美國“迷惘的一代”的主要代表作。30、40年代他轉而塑造擺脫迷惘、悲觀，爲人民利益而英勇戰鬥和無畏犧牲的反法西斯戰士形象（劇本《第五縱隊》1938），長篇小說《喪鐘爲誰而鳴》（1940）。50年代後，他繼續發展20年代短篇小說《打不敗的人》和《五萬大洋》的寧折不彎主題，塑造了以桑提亞哥爲代表的“可以把他消滅，但就是打不敗他”的“硬漢性格”（代表作中篇小說《老人與海》1950）。在藝術上，他那簡約有力的文體和多種現代派手法的出色運用，在美國文學中曾引起過一場“文學革命”，許多歐美作家都明顯受到了他的影響。