誰給你的童年留下更痛苦的陰影?

Back off, bullies!

滾遠點，惡棍！

Growing up can sometimes seem like a roller coaster. There are ups and downs and unexpected turns. Abuse or neglect by an adult can make the ride even rougher. But being tormented by another child can leave especially lasting scars. That's the finding of a new study.

孩子成長的過程就像坐過山車。時而跌宕起伏時而伴隨着意想不到的轉彎。大人的辱罵及忽視無異於是給這次歷程雪上加霜。一項新研究顯示更糟糕的情況是來自同齡人的欺凌，這樣會給孩子的內心留下抹不掉的傷疤。

Bullied kids face a high risk of mental health problems as teens and as young adults. Indeed, kids tormented by bullying may be worse off than those who had suffered physical abuse or neglect, the study found.

少年和青少年中被欺負的孩子面對的是更嚴重的心理健康問題。研究發現，那些被惡棍欺負的孩子與身體受到傷害、被忽視的孩子相比較，前者情況更糟糕。

Bullying is a global problem. About 1 in 3 children worldwide report being bullied at some time by other kids.

欺負弱小已變成社會問題。據報道世界上每三個孩子中就有一個在某一時間被其他孩子欺負。

dieter Wolke works at the University of Warwick in England. Until recently, most studies of child victims focused not on bullying but on maltreatment, this psychologist says. Maltreatment includes physical or emotional abuse, neglect or other behaviors that can harm a child.

就職於英格蘭華威大學的心理學家Dieter Wolke表示多數關於孩子被欺負的研究都會把焦點集中在虐待而非簡單的欺侮，前者既包括心理上、精神上的虐待還包括忽視或者其他可能的傷害。

Wolke's team wanted to better understand how bullying's long-term effects compare to those due to maltreatment. They focused on 4,026 children in the United Kingdom and 1,420 more in the United States. Information about bullying and maltreatment was collected for American children to age 13. They collected the same information for British youth up to age 16. The researchers also gathered data on each individual's mental health as a young adult.

爲更充分的瞭解長期的欺負行爲與虐待相比較，前者會產生怎樣的影響，Dieter Wolke的團隊分別關注了來自英國的4026個孩子，美國的1420個孩子，這樣可爲美國達到13歲的孩子收集到有關欺侮和虐待的信息，同樣他們也爲英國達到16歲的孩子收集到了有關信息，同時研究者也蒐集了每個孩子的心理健康數據。

Among the Americans, 36 percent of bullied kids had mental problems later. Those problems included anxiety, which is a state of excessive worry. They also included depression. That is a feeling of hopelessness that can last a long time. Among kids who had been maltreated by adults, 17 percent later suffered mental health problems.

在被調查者中，36%被欺負的美國孩子隨後會出現心理問題，包括焦慮（爲一種過度煩惱的狀態）和沮喪，這種無助感會持續很長一段時間。在被成年人欺負的孩子中，17%的孩子隨後會產生心理問題。