希拉里反對TPP協定 Hillary Clinton opposes Barack Obama's landmark trade deal
Hillary Clinton, the frontrunner for the Democratic presidential nomination, has opposed the Trans-Pacific Partnership, delivering a big blow to President Barack Obama’s efforts to sell the Pacific-Rim trade deal to Congress.
在民主黨總統提名戰中領跑的希拉裏克林頓(Hillary Clinton)表示反對《跨太平洋夥伴關係》(TPP)協定，這對美國總統巴拉克攠巴馬(Barack Obama)在國會兜售這項環太平洋貿易協定的努力造成了重大打擊。
“As of today, I am not in favour of what I have learned about it,” Mrs Clinton told PBS television two days after the landmark trade pact was concluded. “I don’t believe it’s going to meet the high bar I have set.”
“到目前爲止，我對我瞭解到的內容表示不贊成，”希拉里在這項具有里程碑意義的貿易協定締結兩天後告訴美國公共電視臺(PBS)說，“我不相信它會達到我設定的高標準。”
Her position marks a big setback for Mr Obama whose team has spent five years negotiating with Japan and 10 other Pacific Rim nations that account for 40 per cent of the world economy. Mr Obama wants to get TPP through Congress before he leaves office in January 2017, but Mrs Clinton’s move is an example of how presidential politics will complicate those efforts.
她的這一立場標誌着奧巴馬遭遇了一個重大挫折。奧巴馬的團隊花費了5年時間來與日本及其他10個環太平洋國家進行談判，這12個國家合計佔全球經濟產出的40%。奧巴馬希望在他2017年1月離任前讓TPP協定在國會獲得通過，但希拉里此舉表明，總統選舉政治將讓這些努力複雜化。
As secretary of state during the first Obama administration, she called TPP a “gold standard” trade agreement. But that was before she launched her presidential campaign, which faces an unexpectedly strong challenge from Bernie Sanders, a self-declared socialist and outspoken opponent of TPP.
作爲奧巴馬首個總統任期內的國務卿，希拉里曾把TPP稱爲一項“黃金標準”的貿易協定，但那是在她啓動總統競選活動之前。希拉里現在面臨着同樣競選總統的伯尼儠德斯(Bernie Sanders)構成的意外強勁的挑戰。桑德斯自稱爲社會主義者，公開反對TPP。
Mrs Clinton’s move to oppose TPP — the economic backbone of the strategic “pivot” to Asia that Mrs Clinton and the Obama national security team were pushing — was criticised as a calculated effort to appeal to her party’s progressive base, which is worried about the impact of trade deals on jobs and wages.
有人批評希拉里反對TPP之舉是經過精心算計的，目的是博得民主黨內進步派的支持，該派擔心貿易協定對就業和薪資的影響。TPP是希拉里以及奧巴馬的國家安全團隊推動的“重心轉向亞洲”戰略的經濟支柱。
“Forget economics and jobs for a moment. Clinton has just stomped all over most of the national security establishment which came out strongly for TPP as a strategic hedge against China in the Asia Pacific,” said Steve Clemons, a politics and national security expert at The Atlantic. “They defined this trade deal as strategically vital for the US — and now the former secretary of state has defected from this strategic crowd largely because of pressure on her from Bernie Sanders, Elizabeth Warren, and very possibly the Scranton, Pennsylvania-born, labour-hugging Joe biden.”
“暫時忘了經濟和就業吧。希拉里剛剛踐踏了國家安全團隊的多數成員，這些人曾站出來堅決支持TPP，把它作爲一個在亞太地區防範中國的戰略手段，”《大西洋》月刊(The Atlantic)政治和國家安全專家史蒂夫克萊蒙斯(Steve Clemons)表示，“他們認爲這項貿易協定對美國具有極其重要的戰略意義——如今，這位前國務卿已背叛這個戰略團隊，主要是因爲她正面臨來自伯尼儠德斯、伊麗莎白茠倫(Elizabeth Warren)的壓力，而且很可能還面臨來自在賓夕法尼亞州斯克蘭頓出生、同情勞工的喬拜登(Joe Biden)的壓力。”
The Obama administration argues that TPP is the “most progressive” trade deal ever negotiated by the US, pointing to its strict labour and environmental chapters. But the president has faced fierce opposition from environmental groups and labour unions and managed to secure the support of only a few dozen Democrats in his bid for “fast-track” trade authority earlier this year.
奧巴馬政府辯稱，TPP是美國有史以來談成的“最進步”的貿易協定，因爲該協定有着嚴格的勞動和環境標準。但奧巴馬面臨來自環境組織和工會的強烈反對，而且在今年早些時候爭取“快車道”(fast-track)貿易授權的過程中只獲得了幾十位民主黨議員的支持。
A White House official said that Mrs Clinton had informed Mr Obama before she announced her decision in an interview in Iowa. While her opposition will hurt Mr Obama’s efforts to convince additional Democrats to back TPP, his more immediate problem is the negative reaction from senior Republicans.
一位白宮官員表示，希拉里是在愛荷華州接受採訪時宣佈這一決定的，而之前她已通知奧巴馬。儘管她的反對會對奧巴馬說服更多民主黨議員支持TPP的努力產生影響，但奧巴馬眼下更緊迫的問題是要應對來自共和黨高層的負面反應。
Orrin Hatch, the powerful chairman of the Senate finance committee and ally of the president in part of his push for TPP, also expressed reservations. He said he was concerned about what the drugs industry sees as weak intellectual property protections for next-generation drugs known as “biologics” and the carving out of the tobacco industry from an investor dispute mechanism.
美國參議院財政委員會(Senate Finance Committee)掌握實權的主席奧林哈奇(Orrin Hatch)在支持TPP方面是奧巴馬的盟友，他也表達了保留意見。哈奇表示，他關切的是，製藥業認爲被稱爲“生物製劑”的下一代藥物知識產權保護薄弱，還有就是菸草業被排除在投資者爭端解決機制之外。
“The United States only has one chance to negotiate, consider and implement the TPP. We have to get it right,” said Mr Hatch.
哈奇表示：“美國只有一次機會商議、考慮和落實TPP。我們不能犯錯。”
Speaking in Iowa, Mrs Clinton said she was concerned that TPP did not tackle currency manipulation and that “pharmaceutical companies may have gotten more benefits and patients fewer”. Her move comes one week after she unveiled a proposal to cut the prohibitive cost of medicines in the US.
希拉里在愛荷華州講話時表示，她關切的是，TPP解決不了匯率操縱問題，以及“製藥企業可能會獲益更多，而患者獲益更少”。就在一週前，她曾公佈一項提案，旨在壓低美國過高的藥價。
It was unclear whether her use of the phrase “as of now” in referring to her opposition signalled that she might change her mind in the future.
目前還不清楚，她在提到自己的反對意見時使用“到目前爲止”的措辭是否意味着她將來可能會改變態度。
“Hillary Clinton’s use of an ‘as of now’ hinge would be total political disaster for her to shift from her previous pro-TPP position to now anti and then possibly back to pro again,” said Mr Clemons.
克萊蒙斯表示：“希拉裏克林頓使用‘到目前爲止’的字眼，對她變原先的‘挺’TPP爲現在的‘反’以及接下來可能復‘挺’而言，將是一場徹頭徹尾的政治災難。”
