如果美國不再擔任全球盟主
History can veer off course.
歷史可能偏離正軌。
It happened in 1914 when the first age of globalisation was consumed in the flames of the Great War; and again during the 1930s when economic hardship, protectionism and nationalism nurtured the rise of fascism in Europe.
1914年第一波全球化被世界大戰的烈火吞噬的時候，歷史偏離了正軌；上世紀30年代經濟凋敝、保護主義和民族主義盛行，助推歐洲法西斯主義興起，歷史再次偏離了正軌。
Donald Trump’s election victory heralds another of these dangerous dislocations.
唐納德.特朗普(Donald Trump)勝選預示着歷史又一次面臨這種危險的偏離。
It may well be that America is resilient and self-sufficient enough to survive a Trump presidency.
美國很可能因具有足夠的適應性和自給自足能力而安然度過特朗普擔任總統的幾年。
The founding fathers of the republic foresaw the dangers of populist passions.
美國的開國之父們預見到了民粹主義高漲的危險。
James Madison set the first objective of the constitution as to break and control the violence of faction.
詹姆斯.麥迪遜(James Madison)將憲法的第一個目標確定爲打破和控制派系的暴力。
For Madison faction was the power of any group united and actuated by some common impulse of passion to seize power at the expense of fellow citizens.
在麥迪遜來看，派系是任何被某種共同感情或利益驅動而團結在一起、以犧牲其他公民權利爲代價來攥取權力的團體。
The constitution’s intricate checks and balances are there to block the path to such tyranny.
憲法精心設計了制衡措施來阻止此類暴政。
Rereading this week Federalist No 10, perhaps the most celebrated of what became known as the Federalist Papers, it is obvious that Madison had Mr Trump in mind when he wrote about the need to safeguard the union from domestic insurrection.
近日我重讀了《聯邦黨人文集》第十篇(Federalist No 10)，這或許是《聯邦黨人文集》中最著名的一章。顯然麥迪遜在寫道有必要保護聯邦不受國內叛亂危害的時候想到了特朗普之類的人物。
The president-elect has said he wants to muzzle the media, torture prisoners, lock out Muslims, expel millions of migrants, build a wall against Mexico and cosy up to to Russia’s Vladimir Putin.
這位美國侯任總統表示，他要壓制媒體、對犯人嚴刑拷打，禁止穆斯林入境、驅逐數百萬移民，在美墨邊境建造隔離牆以及親近俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾.普京(Vladimir Putin)。
Lauded by white supremacists, Mr Trump won the prize by disinterring the demons of race.
特朗普獲得了白人至上主義者的讚揚，他通過發掘出種族惡魔而成功問鼎白宮。
And yet. Madison’s careful distribution of authority between the three branches of the federal government should check the president’s worst excesses.
然而，麥迪遜精心設計的聯邦政府三權分立模式應該可以制約特朗普最糟糕的濫權。
A strong judiciary creates a firewall against arbitrary rule.
一個強有力的司法體系可以防止專政。
Military chiefs will refuse to break the laws against torture.
軍方領導人將拒絕違反禁止酷刑法律。
There is a safety catch on the nuclear trigger.
美國還有防止核觸發的安全機制。
Republican-dominated it may be, but the new Congress will surely resist an advance to presidential autocracy.
儘管新的國會由共和黨主導，但它肯定會抵制總統獨裁趨勢。
And, yes, given his character, temperament and unfamiliarity with truth, it is always possible that things will end badly for Mr Trump.
誠然，鑑於特朗普的性格、脾氣以及不熟悉真相，總是有可能出現不好的結果。
But America’s tragedy — and how else can one describe the passage to the White House of someone whose politics are so boastfully rooted in prejudice and hate — is also the west’s tragedy.
但美國的悲劇——除此之外還能怎麼描述自詡政見根植於偏見和憎恨的某人入住白宮——也是西方的悲劇。
The liberal international order has rested not simply on economic vitality and military strength.
自由的國際秩序不僅依仗於經濟活力和軍事實力，
It has been anchored by a set of values whose appeal is universal.
它還有賴於一系列人們普遍嚮往的價值觀來維繫。
Freedom, the rule of law, human dignity, tolerance, pluralist institutions: these are all now scorned by the president-elect of the world’s most powerful nation.
自由、法治、人類尊嚴、寬容和多元主義制度全都受到全球最強大國家的候任總統的蔑視。
Liberal democracy itself is thus delegitimised.
自由民主制度自身因此喪失權威。
Whatever the course of US politics, the damage inflicted on the alliance of nations that has shaped the world since 1945 is irreparable.
無論美國政治進程如何，自1945年以來塑造全球秩序的國家聯盟所遭受的損害將是無法修復的。
Few of the Madisonian checks and balances apply to the conduct of diplomacy and foreign policy.
麥迪遜的制衡措施很少適用於外交行爲和外交政策。
Barack Obama, as much as any other president, has shown how America’s place in the world is a choice made by the occupant of the Oval Office.
巴拉克.奧巴馬(Barack Obama)和其他總統一樣，表明了美國在世界上的地位由白宮主人的選擇來決定。
The US-designed global system has been unravelling for some time.
美國設計的全球體系一段時間以來本就在瓦解。
It will not survive the withdrawal of American leadership.
如果美國不再擔當領導角色，這種全球體系更將難以爲繼。
The financial crash of 2008, income stagnation, austerity and disenchantment with free trade has buried the liberal economic consensus.
2008年金融危機、收入停滯、緊縮政策以及對自由貿易的失望情緒埋葬了自由經濟共識。
Now Mr Trump has pledged to dismantle the political pillars of the old order.
現在特朗普承諾拆除舊秩序的政治支柱。
America First promotes belligerent isolationism — an approach to international order rooted in power rather than the rule of law.
美國優先推動了好鬥的孤立主義——它基於權力、而非法治建立國際秩序。
The narrowest interpretation of national interest takes precedence over broader considerations of international security.
對國家利益最狹隘的解讀優先於對國際安全的更廣泛考慮。
Mr Trump is content to preside over the dissolution of the US alliance system, leaving Europe vulnerable to Mr Putin’s revanchism and East Asia to the ambitions of an assertive China.
特朗普樂於主持美國同盟體系的瓦解，讓歐洲承受普京的復仇主義，讓東亞承受日益強硬的中國的抱負。
Japan and South Korea, he has suggested, may want to build their own nuclear weapons.
他表示，日本和韓國可能希望建造它們自己的核武器。
We can be sure that, if he keeps a promise to abrogate the international nuclear deal with Iran, then Tehran will soon enough build its own bomb.
我們可以確信，如果特朗普像他承諾的那樣廢除與伊朗簽署的國際核協議，那麼德黑蘭將會很快建造出自己的核武器。
Other democracies face their own populist insurrections.
其他民主國家內部也出現了民粹主義的反叛。
Demagogues across Europe have been lauding Mr Trump’s success.
歐洲各地的煽動者讚揚特朗普的成功。
Marine Le Pen, the leader of France’s xenophobic National Front, hopes to emulate him in next year’s contest for the Elysée Palace.
法國仇外的國民陣線(National Front)的領袖馬琳.勒龐(Marine Le Pen)希望在明年的總統大選中能效仿特朗普獲勝。
Hungary and Poland have fallen into the arms of far-right nativism.
匈牙利和波蘭投入極右翼本土主義的麾下。
Britain’s vote in June to leave the EU in significant part was an expression of angry English nationalism.
英國在今年6月投票決定退出歐盟，這在很大程度上是憤怒的英國民族主義的表達。
Mr Trump goes further by repudiating the basic, organising idea of the west: the notion that the world’s richest democracies can oversee a fair and inclusive rules-based system to underwrite global peace and security.
特朗普更進一步，他否定西方基本的組織理念：即全球最富裕的民主國家可以監督基於公平和包容性規則創建的體系，從而爲全球和平和安全背書。
Co-operative internationalism is to be replaced by competitive nationalism.
協同合作的國際主義將被競爭性的民族主義取代。
So the dangers will now come thick and fast.
因此，各種危險將很快紛至沓來。
How much of a free Europe can survive the withdrawal of the US security umbrella? Will Russia be allowed to restore its influence over formerly communist states in eastern and central Europe? Will rising states in the east and south now look to authoritarianism rather than democracy as a model for their societies? Who will keep the peace in the East and South China seas? How safe or stable is a world organised around the interests of, and conflicts between, a handful of great powers?
失去了美國提供的安全保護傘，歐洲有多少國家能堅持自由民主體制？俄羅斯將得以恢復其對東歐和中歐那些前共產主義國家的影響力嗎？東歐和南歐的新興國家將會把威權主義而非民主作爲其社會模式嗎？誰將維持南中國海和東中國海上的和平？一個圍繞幾大強國的利益和衝突而組織起來的世界有多安全或穩定？
America will spurn eventually the lethal concoction of nativism and protectionism that won Mr Trump this election.
美國最終將會摒棄本土主義和保護主義——正是這對致命組合讓特朗普贏得了此次大選。
But the west has lost its guardian, and democracy its champion.
但西方失去了守護者，民主失去了倡導者。
