土耳其與荷蘭外交風波升級

Turkey’s president ratcheted up his diplomatic row with the Netherlands on Tuesday, claiming the country had a “rotten character” and blaming Dutch troops for the worst massacre in Europe since the second world war.

週二，土耳其總統雷傑普?塔伊普?埃爾多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)對荷蘭的外交聲討升級，他宣稱荷蘭“品德敗壞”，並認爲荷蘭軍隊對二戰以來歐洲最惡劣的大屠殺難辭其咎。

The remarks by Recep Tayyip Erdogan come less than 24 hours before Dutch voters go to the polls in a national election that has been coloured by a heated debate about the role of Islam in Dutch society, spurred by anti-Islam candidate Geert Wilders. Mr Wilders’ Freedom party (PVV) is polling second in the race.

埃爾多安發表上述言論之際，距荷蘭大選投票已不足24個小時——反伊斯蘭候選人海爾特?維爾德斯(Geert Wilders)引發的圍繞伊斯蘭在荷蘭社會中角色的熱烈辯論，讓本次大選變得格外有看頭。維爾德斯的自由黨(PVV)目前在民調中排名第二。

“We know the Netherlands and the Dutch from the Srebrenica massacre,” Mr Erdogan said, invoking the Most shameful episode in modern Dutch history. “We know how rotten their character is from their massacre of 8,000 Bosnians there.”

“我們從斯雷布雷尼察大屠殺事件瞭解了荷蘭和荷蘭人是什麼樣的，”埃爾多安說起現代荷蘭歷史上最可恥的一幕，“我們從他們屠殺那裏的8000名波斯尼亞人就知道，他們品德敗壞到何等地步。”

In 1995 Dutch troops serving as UN peacekeepers failed to prevent Bosnian Serb forces murdering 8,000 Muslim men and boys in the town of Srebrenica in eastern Bosnia.

1995年，荷蘭維和部隊未能阻止波黑塞族軍隊在位於波黑東部的斯雷布雷尼察殺害8000名穆斯林男子和男孩。

Mr Erdogan’s escalation comes in the midst of a vitriolic tit-for-tat between Ankara and The Hague, which began at the weekend after Dutch officials barred Turkish ministers from campaigning in Turkish communities inside the Netherlands.

埃爾多安對荷蘭的聲討升級發生在這樣一個時刻：上週末，在荷蘭官員禁止土耳其部長在荷蘭國內的土耳其社區拉票之後，安卡拉與海牙之間開始了一場針鋒相對的相互報復。

Turkey’s ministers have been rallying Turkish expat communities across Europe to win support for Erdogan-backed constitutional changes, which will be voted on in a referendum next month.

土耳其部長們近來一直在歐洲各地的土耳其社區舉行集會，以爭取海外土耳其人對埃爾多安發起的憲法改革的支持——土耳其將於下個月就修憲舉行公投。

Mark Rutte, the Dutch prime minister whose People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) is slightly ahead of the PVV, has seen his poll numbers rise in recent days because of his hardline stance with Ankara. On Tuesday he called Mr Erdogan’s comments “a disgusting distortion of history”, adding: “We will not lower ourselves to this level. It is totally unacceptable.”

荷蘭首相馬克?呂特(Mark Rutte)最近由於對安卡拉立場強硬而在民調中排名上升。呂特所屬的自由民主人民黨(VVD)在民調中略微領先自由黨。週二，他將埃爾多安的言論稱爲“對歷史令人噁心的歪曲”，還稱“我們不會自甘墮落至這種水平。這完全不可接受”。

Earlier on Tuesday Mr Rutte had issued a call for calm in the dispute with Turkey.

週二早些時候，呂特呼籲在與土耳其的爭執中保持冷靜。

Mr Erdogan, who has also benefited domestically from the row with Mr Rutte, has sought to broaden his diplomatic dispute to take on all of the EU, particularly Germany, which has had similar run-ins with Ankara over campaigning in Germany’s large Turkish community.

埃爾多安在國內也受益於與呂特的爭執，他尋求將外交爭端擴大至針對所有歐盟國家，尤其是德國，後者同樣因土耳其在德國的大型土耳其社區拉票而與安卡拉發生爭執。

The Turkish president said Angela Merkel, the German chancellor, was “no different from the Netherlands” and urged émigré Turks not to vote for “the government and the racists” in upcoming European elections. Ms Merkel faces a tough re-election bid in September.

埃爾多安表示，德國總理安格拉?默克爾(Angela Merkel)“與荷蘭沒有什麼不同”，並敦促移居海外的土耳其人不要在即將到來的歐洲選舉中投票支持“現任政府和種族主義者”。要在今年9月成功競選連任，默克爾面臨一場硬仗。

On Tuesday Saarland became the first German region to ban campaigning by foreign politicians. Several German local councils had called off planned Turkish ministers’ campaign meetings on technical grounds, such as fire safety.

週二，薩爾州成爲德國第一個禁止外國政客拉票的地區。德國數個地方議會基於消防安全等技術原因，取消了土耳其部長們原計劃的拉票集會。

The diplomatic row began when Ankara’s foreign minister was denied entry to the Netherlands on Saturday for a campaign rally in favour of Mr Erdogan’s constitutional reforms. Armed Dutch police also intercepted another Turkish minister, Fatma Betul Sayan Kaya, on her way to the rally in Rotterdam and escorted her back to the German border.

上週六，土耳其外交部長被禁止入境荷蘭參加爲埃爾多安憲法改革爭取支持的拉票活動，兩國間這場外交風波由此開始。全副武裝的荷蘭警方還在土耳其另一位部長法蒂瑪?貝圖?薩揚?卡亞(Fatma Betul Sayan Kaya)前往鹿特丹的集會途中將其攔下，並護送至荷德邊境。

In a televised debate on Monday night, Mr Wilders called on the Netherlands to expel the Turkish ambassador.

維爾德斯在週一晚上的電視辯論中呼籲荷蘭將土耳其大使驅逐出境。

“That’s the difference between tweeting from your couch and governing the country. If you govern the country, you have to take sensible decisions, and that isn’t sensible,” Mr Rutte replied.

呂特迴應稱：“這就是坐在沙發上發推特與治理國家的區別。如果你在治理這個國家，你就得做明智的決定，而驅逐大使是不明智的。”

On Monday night, Ankara confirmed that the Dutch ambassador would not be welcome to return to Turkey.

週一晚間，安卡拉方面證實，不歡迎荷蘭駐土耳其大使返回土耳其。

Federica Mogherini, the EU’s foreign policy chief, and Johannes Hahn, the bloc’s enlargement commissioner, have also weighed in, criticising Mr Erdogan’s proposed constitutional changes and his recent rhetoric.

歐盟外交政策高級代表費代麗卡?莫蓋里尼(Federica Mogherini)和歐盟擴大事務專員約翰內斯?哈恩(Johannes Hahn)也表明立場，批評埃爾多安提議的憲法改革及其最近的言辭。

Turkey’s foreign ministry angrily rejected the EU criticism. “The EU should realise that the statement fuels extremism, such as xenophobia and anti-Turkish sentiments, because the call to refrain from excessive statements and actions that risk further exacerbating the situation is made only to Turkey, instead of the countries that caused this situation by violating diplomatic conventions and international law,” it said.

土耳其外交部憤怒地駁斥了歐盟的批評。它說：“歐盟應該意識到，這種聲明助長了極端主義，比如仇外和反土耳其情緒，因爲它對避免過分言論和行動以免局勢進一步惡化的呼籲，針對的只是土耳其，而不是所有違反外交公約和國際法、從而導致了這種局面的國家。”

Russia and Nato have both called for a de-escalation of the Turkey-Netherlands row.

俄羅斯和北約(Nato)都呼籲緩和土耳其與荷蘭的爭執。

During Monday night’s debate Mr Rutte reiterated that he would not form a coalition government with Mr Wilders’ party, even ruling out forming a government that relied on support from the anti-immigration party. “I’m not going to work with such a party again,” said Mr Rutte, whose first minority government was propped up by PVV after the 2010 elections.

呂特在週一晚間的辯論中重申，他不會與維爾德斯所屬的政黨組建聯合政府，他甚至還表示不可能組建一個依賴這個反移民政黨支持的政府。呂特表示：“我不會再次與這樣的政黨合作。”在2010年選舉之後，呂特組建的首個少數派政府受到自由黨的支持。

In response, Mr Wilders labelled Mr Rutte a liar, citing the prime minister’s broken pledge not to support a bailout of Greece during the 2012 election.

作爲迴應，維爾德斯把呂特歸爲騙子，指責後者未能遵守在2012年選舉期間做出的不支持紓困希臘的承諾。

Polls indicate that the Dutch election will be extremely tight. Mr Rutte’s centre-right VVD sits atop most polls, just 3 percentage points ahead of the PVV. Most polls show a large percentage of voters remain undecided.

民調顯示，荷蘭選舉將是一場膠着戰。呂特所屬的中右翼自由民主人民黨在大多數民調中位居榜首，但僅領先自由黨3個百分點。大多數民調顯示很大一部分選民仍未做出決定。

Several other parties have support that is only slightly lower, including the centrist liberal D66, the Christian Democratic Appeal and leftwing GreenLeft.

其他數個政黨的支持率只是略低於上述兩黨，包括持中間立場的自由派政黨民主66 (D66)、基督教民主聯盟(Christian Democratic Appeal)和左翼的綠色左翼黨(GreenLeft)。

Additional reporting from Stefan Wagstyl in Berlin

斯蒂芬?韋格斯蒂爾(Stefan Wagstyl)柏林補充報道