給手機徹夜充電會影響電池壽命嗎

Chances are, you plug in your phone before you go to bed at night, thinking it’s best to greet the Morning with a fully charged device.

晚上睡覺前，你可能會把手機接上電源，想着第二天一早就能看到一部電量滿格的設備。

Is this a good idea?

這是個好主意嗎？

That depends.

不一定。

Here’s the thing. Many people don’t expect to keep their phones for much longer than two years.

問題在於，許多人並沒有讓一部手機用滿兩年以上的打算。

For the most part, experts say, those people are not going to notice much damage to their phone batteries before they start hankering for a new device.

業內人士稱，大多數情況下，這些人在對一部新設備心生嚮往之前，並不會注意到舊設備的電池受損有多嚴重。

If that sounds like you, feel free to charge every night, and as often as you like in between.

如果你就屬於這種情況，那你大可以每天晚上都充電，白天也可以想充幾次就充幾次。

But frequent charging takes a toll on the lithium-ion batteries in our phones. And it’s not because they can be overcharged, said Edo Campos, a spokesman for Anker, which produces phone chargers.

但頻繁充電會傷害手機的鋰離子電池。而手機充電器廠商Anker的發言人埃多•坎波斯(Edo Campos)說，原因並不在於它們不可以被過度充電。

“Smartphones are, in fact, smart,” Mr. Campos said. “They know when to stop charging.”

“事實上，智能手機很聰明，”坎波斯說。“它們知道該在何時停止充電。”

Android phones and iPhones are equipped with chips that protect them from absorbing excess electrical current once they are fully charged.

安卓手機和iPhone一旦充好電，內置的芯片就會防止它們吸收多餘的電流。

So in theory, any damage from charging your phone overnight with an official charger, or a trustworthy off-brand charger, should be negligible.

因此，理論上用原廠充電器或信得過的其他廠牌的充電器給手機徹夜充電，所造成的損害基本可以忽略不計。

But the act of charging is itself bad for your phone’s battery.

但充電行爲本身對手機電池是有害的。

Here’s why.

理由如下。

Most phones make use of a technology that allows their batteries to accept more current faster. Hatem Zeine, the founder, chief scientist and chief technical officer of the wireless charging company Ossia, says the technology enables phones to adjust to the amount of charge that a charger is capable of supplying.

大多數手機都採用了一種可以讓電池快速充電的技術。無線充電裝置生產企業Ossia的創始人、首席科學家及首席技術官哈特姆•澤恩(Hatem Zeine)說，這種技術會讓手機做出調整，適應充電器能夠供應的電量。

The technology allows power to pulse into the battery in specific modulations, increasing the speed at which the lithium ions in the battery travel from one side to the other and causing the battery to charge more quickly.

該技術允許以特定的脈衝調製方式將電充入電池，可以提高鋰離子在電池中的移動速度，從而讓電池更快地充好電。

But this process also leads lithium-ion (and lithium-polymer) batteries to corrode faster than they otherwise would.

但與常規充電方式相比，這一過程也會導致鋰離子（以及鋰聚合物）電池的耗損速度加快。

“When you charge fast all the time, you limit the life span of the battery,” Mr. Zeine said.

“總是快速充電的話，電池的使用壽命就會降低，”澤恩說。

Is there a solution?

有什麼解決辦法嗎？

If you’re intent on preserving a lithium-ion battery beyond the lifetime of the typical phone or tablet, Mr. Zeine suggested using a charger meant for a less powerful device, though he couldn’t guarantee that it would work.

如果你有意保護鋰離子電池，想讓它的壽命比一般的手機或平板電腦更長，澤恩建議使用專爲小功率設備配備的充電器，但他不能保證該方法一定有效。

“For example, if you used an iPhone charger on an iPad Pro, it’s going to charge very slowly,” Mr. Zeine said. “If the electronics are right, they can actually preserve the battery because you’re always charging it slowly.”

“舉個例子，如果用iPhone充電器給iPad充電，速度會很慢，” 澤伊內說。“如果用對了充電器，它們真的能保護電池，因爲你始終在用很慢的速度充電。”

People looking to preserve their batteries should make sure their phones don’t become overheated, Mr. Campos advised, because high temperatures further excite the lithium-ion in batteries, leading to even quicker deterioration.

坎波斯建議，想要保護電池的人應該確保其手機不會過熱，因爲高溫會讓電池中的鋰離子以更快的速度移動，從而導致電池更快地耗損。

Apple’s website says temperatures above 95 degrees Fahrenheit (or 35 Celsius) can “permanently damage battery capacity.”

蘋果官網稱，溫度超過95華氏度（或35攝氏度），“會對電池性能造成永久性損害”。

Both Mr. Zeine and Mr. Campos noted that given the constant demand for new cellphones, charging overnight might not be a point of great concern for many people.

澤恩和坎波斯都指出，鑑於對新手機的持續需求，很多人可能不太關心徹夜充電的問題。

“All this actually doesn’t make a huge difference for consumers,” Mr. Campos said, citing a 2015 Gallup survey showing that 44 percent of smartphone users planned to upgrade their devices as soon as their providers allowed it — usually after two years, about the length of time it takes for batteries to start showing signs of wear.

“對消費者而言，這一切其實並沒有太大意義，”坎波斯援引蓋洛普(Gallup)公司2015年開展的一項調查稱，只要供應商允許，44%的智能手機用戶會立刻更新手上的設備——那通常是在使用了兩年之後，大體上也是電池開始出現老化跡象的時候。