這就尷尬了! 研究表明 跑馬拉松會傷腎!

Marathons can be bad for your health, scientists have warned after a study found 80 percent of competitors suffer kidney injury because of dehydration.

科學家警告稱，馬拉松可能會對人體產生危害。他們的研究發現，由於缺水，百分之八十的馬拉松比賽選手都患有腎功能損傷。

Researchers said that although the kidneys of the participants in the 26.2 mile race fully recovered within two days, their findings raise questions concerning the potential long-term impact at a time when marathons are increasing in popularity.

研究人員稱，儘管參賽者跑完26.2英里（42公里）後，他們的腎臟兩天內就能完全恢復正常，但如今馬拉松比賽日漸流行，研究結果引起了人們對於馬拉松長期潛在影響的擔憂。

The findings were published by the American Journal of Kidney Diseases, as thousands of people prepare for next month's London Marathon.

《美國腎病雜誌》刊登了這項研究成果。與此同時，上千人正摩拳擦掌，爲下個月的倫敦馬拉松賽做準備。

Previous research has shown that engaging in unusually vigorous activities - such as military training - in warm climates can damage the kidneys, but little is known about the effects of marathon running.

先前的研究表明，在氣候溫暖時參加過於劇烈的活動，如軍事訓練，會損害人的腎臟。但人們對馬拉松所造成的影響則知之甚少。

A team of researchers led by Professor Chirag Parikh, of Yale University in the US, studied a small group of participants in the 2015 Hartford Marathon.

由美國耶魯大學教授齊拉格·帕裏克領導的研究小組對2015年哈特福德馬拉松賽部分參賽者進行了測試。

They collected blood and urine samples before and after the event. They analysed a variety of markers of kidney injury, including serum creatinine levels, kidney cells on microscopy, and proteins in urine.

在比賽前後，他們分別收集了受試者的血樣和尿樣。他們檢測了各種腎臟損傷標誌物，包括血清肌酐水平，顯微鏡下的腎細胞和尿液中的蛋白質。

The researchers found that 82 percent of the runners that were studied showed Stage 1 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) soon after the race. AKI is a condition in which the kidneys fail to filter waste from the blood.

研究人員發現，82％的受試者在比賽結束後不久就顯示出了第一階段急性腎損傷（AKI）的症狀，也就是說，腎臟無法從血液中過濾廢物。

Prof Parikh said: "The kidney responds to the physical stress of marathon running as if it's injured, in a way that's similar to what happens in hospitalised patients when the kidney is affected by medical and surgical complications."

帕裏克教授說：“馬拉松會對參賽者的身體造成巨大負擔，腎臟會因此做出反應，如同受傷一樣，他們的腎臟狀況與受到藥物影響和產生手術併發症時的狀況相似。”

The researchers stated that potential causes of the marathon-related kidney damage could be the sustained rise in core body temperature, dehydration, or decreased blood flow to the kidneys that occur during a marathon.

研究人員指出，馬拉松造成腎損傷的潛在原因可能是，核心體溫的持續升高，缺水以及比賽過程中流經腎臟的血液減少。

While the measured kidney injury resolved within two days of running the marathon, the researchers said the study still raises questions about the effects of repeated strenuous activity over time, especially in warm climates.

儘管馬拉松造成的腎損傷可在兩天內痊癒，但研究人員稱，這項研究對重複的過於劇烈的長時間運動，尤其是在天氣溫暖時劇烈運動，對人體造成的影響提出了疑問。

Prof Parikh added: "We need to investigate this further. "Research has shown there are also changes in heart function associated with marathon running.

帕裏克教授補充說：“我們需要進一步研究。”已有研究顯示，馬拉松還會導致人的心臟功能產生一些變化。

"Our study adds to the story - even the kidney responds to marathon-related stress."

“我們的研究對此做了補充 — 連腎臟都會因馬拉松造成的身體負擔產生變化。”