研究表明男人比女人更自戀
Now it is official. Men really are more narcissistic than women, according to a massive American study which analysed three decades of data from more than 475,000 people.
男性比女性更自戀，這一說法現在有官方支持了。美國一項研究通過分析三十年來超過47.5萬人的數據得出此結論。Researchers concluded that men had a greater senses of entitlement, making them more likely to exploit others.
研究人員得出的結論是，男性強烈的特權意識使他們趨向利用他人，爲己謀利。The findings were consistent across multiple age groups and generations, said the study's authors at the University at Buffalo School of Management.
來自布法羅大學管理學院的研究人員表示，該項研究在各年齡羣以及不同年代人羣中的結果都是一致的。
However, men can take comfort in one conclusion from the study - narcissism may also have some positive effects.
然而，該項研究中的一個結論可讓男性有所釋然——自戀可能也會產生積極的影響。"Narcissism is associated with various interpersonal dysfunctions, including an inability to maintain healthy long-term relationships, unethical behaviour and aggression," said Emily Grijalva, assistant professor of organisation and human resources, and the paper's lead author.
該項研究論文的主要作者、組織與人力資源助理教授艾米麗•格里哈爾瓦表示：“自戀與各種人際關係失調有關，包括無法維持良性發展的長期關係，行爲不檢點和強勢好鬥。”
"At the same time, narcissism is shown to boost self-esteem, emotional stability and the tendency to emerge as a leader."
“同時，自戀促進自尊自信，情緒穩定和領袖潛能。”They sifted through more than 355 journal articles, dissertations, manuscripts and technical manuals, and studied gender differences in what they described as the three aspects of narcissism: leadership/authority, grandiosity/exhibitionism and entitlement.
研究員對超過355份期刊文章、專題論文、文章手稿和技術手冊進行篩選整理，並從領導力/權威性、好大喜功/愛出風頭，以及自我權益意識等表現自戀的三個方面着手研究性別差異。It meant examining reactions to statements such as, "If I ruled the world, it would be a much better place," and "I know that I am good because everyone keeps telling me so."
這項研究測試人們聽到以下言論時的反應，如“世界若由我統治，將會更加美好。”和“我知道我很優秀，因爲每個人都這麼對我說。”They found the widest gap in entitlement, suggesting that men were more likely than women to exploit others and feel entitled to certain privileges.
研究任員發現男女在優越感方面差距最大，這表明男性比女性更有可能利用他人，而且覺得自己理應享受某些特權。The difference narrowed when it came to vanity, which may explain why some women feel the need to clog Twitter and Facebook with countless pouting selfies.
在虛榮這方面，性別差異在縮小。這就不難理解有些女性喜歡在Facebook和Twitter上發佈那些噘嘴賣萌的自拍照。The results will be published in the forthcoming Psychological Bulletin journal.
這些研究成果將會在下一期《心理學公報》雜誌上發表。
