畢業以後大家一起失業 熱門專業冷門的職業

Li Meilin had an embarrassing experience a week ago at her middle school class reunion. The 22-year-old finance major at Tongji University found that while Most of her peers who studied science and engineering had already landed a job, she was still sending out applications without getting any hits.

一週前的中學同學聚會上，李美琳遭遇了這樣的尷尬經歷：這名22歲同濟大學的高材生，發現大多數學習理工科的同窗都找到了工作，而學習金融學專業的自己卻還在四處投遞簡歷，沒有收到任何回覆。

“When my peers asked me about my job, I lowered my head to hide my reddening face. I regret choosing my major based merely on how popular it was,” she said.

她說：“當同學們問起我的工作情況，我都臉紅，擡不起頭。我真後悔當初僅僅因爲金融是熱門專業而選擇了它。”

Li’s experience isn’t unique. There are quite a few hot college majors that attract a lot of applicants but continue to have dim career prospects. For students with these majors, professionals suggest they develop a comprehensive set of skills they can market to employers.

李美琳並不是個例。事實上，有很多“熱門專業”吸引了大批學生，就業前景卻並不樂觀。對於選擇這些專業的學生，專家的建議是：只有鍛鍊綜合能力，才能在求職時更具競爭力。

Slim returns

簡單的回顧

Li’s major had a high entrance requirement. “In my year, there were so many students competing for limited spots that I had to score 100 points higher than usual just to make it into the school,” she said.

李美琳的專業入學門檻曾經很高。李美琳回憶說：“我高考那年，要和很多人競爭（那個專業）有限的錄取名額，我考出比平時高100多分的成績才被錄取。”

However, despite its attractiveness to students, a finance major isn’t terribly appealing to employers. A report shows that in December 2013, there were over 3.5 million people searching for jobs in the finance field, while only 0.5 million positions were readily available.

雖然金融專業對學生很有吸引力，但該專業畢業生對用人單位並沒有致命吸引力。智聯招聘2013年12月的報告顯示，超過350萬人都想在金融行業找到一席之地，而金融行業實際上所能提供的崗位只有50萬。

The same goes for other hot majors. A 2014 report shows that only 8.9 percent of bio-engineering graduates and 13.6 percent of computer science majors found jobs in their field of study.

其他的所謂熱門專業的情況也並不樂觀。智聯招聘2014年的報告顯示，生物工程學和計算機專業畢業生中找到專業對口工作的比例分別僅佔8.9%和13.6%。

Fixed odds

頑固的怪圈

The reason for this is that many students flock to hot majors while their related industries have fixed recruiting demands, according to Huang Ruoshan, senior consultant at . “Under such circumstances, graduates with hot majors either need to fight for limited positions or find work in other fields. That’s why nurturing a comprehensive set of skills is critical to the health of the job marketplace,” she said.

智聯招聘高級顧問黃若珊認爲，產生這種現象的原因是由於大量學生涌入熱門專業，但該專業相關領域的崗位需求缺口卻是固定的。她說，“在這種情況下，熱門專業畢業生要麼就要爲有限的招聘名額拼的你死我活，要麼就只能在其他領域另謀出路。這也就是爲什麼培養學生的綜合素質對招聘市場的健康發展至關重要。”

Huang’s beliefs are echoed by other human resources (HR) professionals. According to research done by Engma HR Co LTD, 55.6 percent of HR professionals say they value a graduate’s abilities over their specific area of expertise.

黃若珊的觀點得到了其他HR的認可。據英格瑪人力資源集團的調查，55.6%的HR更看重畢業生的能力而非專業知識。

Things like communication skills, innovative thought processes, strong ethics and good team management skills are highly valuable, says Liu Xiaolu, Engma’s marketing director. “We found that these comprehensive skills are more valued in state-owned enterprises than in private ones. But having these sort of abilities as well as a wide social network can help graduates leave a lasting impression on employers,” he said.

英格瑪的市場總監劉肖魯表示，溝通能力，創新思維的能力，強烈的職業道德感，良好的團隊管理能力等都是HR十分看重的。他還透露：“國企比私企更重視這些能力。擁有這些能力和廣闊的人脈都能使畢業生給僱主留下很深刻印象”。

“More importantly, many jobs that are around today won’t exist in five years, and many that will exist in five, 10, 20 years haven’t even been invented yet. The content of what’s taught in the classroom is changing, but what really matters are the skills a graduate brings to the table,” Huang said.

黃若珊還說：“更重要的是，今天的很多工作可能5年後將不復存在，而5年，10年，甚至20年後的許多工作現在還沒有出現。課堂上講授的知識在不斷變化，但是對於畢業生來說正在重要的是能拿得出手的能力。”