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就業指南:年十大熱門職業

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就業指南:年十大熱門職業

Strange but true: Despite the fact that unemployment is stuck at around 9%, which translates to about 15 million Americans out of work, nearly 3 million job openings in the U.S. are going unfilled, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Why? The biggest reason is a mismatch between the qualifications employers are looking for and the skills job hunters have.

儘管美國的失業率依然停留在9%左右,這意味着大約1,500萬美國人沒有工作,但美國勞動統計局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的數據顯示,目前還有近300萬個職位依然虛席以待。這種現象雖然很奇怪,但卻是事實。爲什麼會出現這種現象?最大的原因是,僱主尋求的資質與求職者具備的技能之間未能有效對接。

So which skills are most in demand? Here are 10 of the hottest:

那麼,就業市場最需要哪些技能?以下是最熱門的10大職業:

1. Information technology. When career site recently analyzed millions of job postings on its web site, researchers found that the fastest-growing category of keywords — including HTML5, Android, mobile app, and social media — were in IT, and a new survey by tech job site bears that out: About 65% of hiring managers said they hope to add tech staff in the first half of 2012. Roughly a quarter of those (27%) said they want to expand their IT headcount by more than 20%.

1.信息技術。招聘網站最近對發佈於該網站上的數百萬個職位信息進行了分析。研究人員發現,增速最快的關鍵詞(包括 HTML5、Android、移動應用和社交媒體等)都屬於信息技術領域。技術類招聘網站所做的一項最新調查也證實了上述發現:大約 65%的招聘經理表示,他們希望在2012年上半年增加技術員工。約有四分之一 (27%) 的招聘經理聲稱,他們打算把信息技術團隊的人數擴充20%以上。

Openings for software developers who specialize in applications will rise by more than one-third (34%) by 2018, says Best Jobs for the 21st Century, a new book by job market analyst Laurence Shatkin, while companies will hire 20% more computer systems analysts. Rising pay in these fields reflects the surge in demand: The Bureau of Labor Statistics says that developers of systems software, for instance, earn an average of $94,180 per year.

就業市場分析師勞倫斯·沙特金在其新著《21世紀最好的工作》(Best Jobs for the 21st Century)中說,到2018年,應用軟件開發人員的空缺職位將增長三分之一以上(34%),公司僱用的計算機系統分析師人數也將增長20%。這些領域不斷上漲的薪酬反映出需求激增的趨勢:勞工統計局稱,系統軟件開發人員的平均年薪爲94,180美元。

2. Health care professionals. Partly due to the aging of the U.S. population, health care has been hot for a while now, and the trend shows no sign of slowing. Shatkin's research says the U.S. will need 103,900 more registered nurses every year (average salary: $64,690) well into the next decade, along with 7,860 new physical therapists per annum (average pay: $76,310). Demand for dental hygienists is up too, with a projected 36.1% growth in job openings between now and 2018 (average pay: $68,250).

2.醫療保健專業人員。受美國人口老齡化等因素的影響,醫療保健早已成爲就業的熱門領域,這一趨勢目前依然沒有放緩的跡象。沙特金的研究顯示,直至下個10年後期,美國每年都需要增加103,900名註冊護士(平均年薪:64,690美元),以及 7,860名理療師(平均年薪:76,310美元)。對牙科保健師的需求也在上升——從現在到2018年,牙科保健師的空缺職位預計將增長36.1%(平均年薪:68,250美元)。

3. Health care management and support staff. Don't have the training or experience to work directly with patients? No worries. "People often overlook the fact that businesspeople run health care companies," says Justin Hirsch, president of recruiting firm JobPlex. "With all the change happening in the system now, there is churn as well as growth. We're constantly seeing new openings in general management, finance, marketing, human resources, you name it."

3.醫療保健管理和支持人員。如果沒有接受過培訓或不具備相關經驗,無法從事直接跟病人打交道的工作,怎麼辦?不必擔心。“生意人同樣可以經營醫療保健服務,但人們卻經常忽略了這個事實,”獵頭機構JobPlex公司的總裁賈斯汀•赫希說。“醫療體系日新月異,但有所失亦有所得。一般管理、財務、營銷、人力資源等領域正不斷涌現出新的就業機會。”

4. Engineers. Note to college students who want their pick of job offers when they graduate: Consider majoring in engineering. A whopping 88% of employers in a new poll by the Society for Human Resource Management bemoaned the difficulty of finding enough engineers to hire. Civil engineers are in demand too: Shatkin's analysis of BLS data shows a 24.3% spike ahead in jobs for people who design roads, bridges, and other infrastructure projects (average annual pay: $77,560).

4.工程師。希望畢業時有大把工作機會可以挑選的大學生請注意:考慮一下主修工程專業。人力資源管理協會(Society for Human Resource Management)最新的一次民意調查顯示,有高達88%的僱主抱怨稱,很難招聘到足夠多的工程師。對於土木工程師的需求也十分旺盛。沙特金在分析勞工統計局的數據時發現,對於道路、橋樑和其他基礎設施項目設計人員的需求量激增了24.3%(平均年薪:77,560美元)。

5. Industrial skills. Think U.S. manufacturing is moribund? Think again. More than two-thirds (68%) of employers in the SHRM survey pointed to a shortage of qualified new hires to replace people retiring from the skilled trades: electricians, carpenters, welders. Moreover, says Justin Hirsch, "We're seeing an increase in industrial hiring in logistics, supply-chain management, and plant management." As more companies go global, demand for expertise in logistics — the art and science of moving stuff efficiently from one place to another — will continue to heat up.

5.技術工人。美國製造業正垂死掙扎?不見得吧。在人力資源管理協會所做的調查中,超過三分之二(68%)的僱主指出,市場上合格的新員工非常短缺,不足以取代即將退休的熟練技術工:電工、木工和焊工。此外,賈斯汀·赫希說:“許多工業類公司正在增加物流、供應鏈管理和車間管理等職位的招工人數。”隨着越來越多的公司走向國際化,對物流人才(即把貨物從一個地方有效地搬運至另一個地方的藝術和科學)的需求也將持續升溫。

6. Life sciences and biotech. Medical innovators ranging in size from Big Pharma down to biotech startups are on a hiring binge: Shatkin sees a 40% jump in job openings for research scientists between now and 2018 (average salary: $76,700). As with health care companies in general, these employers will also need managers and support staff (see No. 3).

6.生命科學和生物技術。從大型製藥公司到生物技術類初創企業,大大小小的醫療創新者正在大舉招兵買馬。沙特金髮現,從現在到2018年,科研人員的職位缺口將躍升40%(平均年薪:76,700美元)。而一般的醫療保健類公司也需要大量的管理人員和支持人員(見第三類)。

7. Salespeople. Selling has historically been the closest thing there is to a recession-proof career, and this economic downturn is no exception. Since they're the ones bringing the dough in the door, salespeople are often the first to be hired and last to get laid off. Almost three-quarters (72%) of employers in the SHRM survey said they can't get enough salespeople now.

7.銷售員。銷售歷來都是受經濟衰退影響最小的職業,這一輪衰退期也不例外。爲企業帶來真金白銀的是銷售人員,所以他們往往是“第一個上崗,最後一個下崗”的員工羣體。在人力資源管理協會所做的調查中,大約三分之二(72%)的僱主稱,現在招不到足夠的銷售人員。

8. Accounting and finance. Demand for accountants and finance mavens (particularly forensic accountants and compliance specialists) has been climbing steadily for the past several years, and U.S. colleges are still not turning out enough grads in these fields to fill the available openings. The SHRM survey found that more than half (54%) of employers would hire more accountants and finance experts if they could find them.

8.會計和財務人員。過去幾年來,對會計和財務專家(特別是法務會計師和財務法規專家)的需求一直在穩步上升,具有此類專業背景的美國大學生,現在仍無法滿足目前的職位缺口。人力資源管理協會的調查發現,超過一半(54%)的僱主表示,只要能夠找到合格的人才,他們就會擴大會計師和財務專家的招聘規模。

9. Discount retailers. "Not to mention any specific company names -- everyone knows who they are, anyway — but the big national discount store companies have flourished during this recession," notes Justin Hirsch. "And most of them are hiring managers as well as in-store personnel."

9.折扣店零售員。“不必提具體公司的名稱,反正大家都知道。在此輪衰退期間,大型連鎖折扣店的生意非常火爆。大多數公司正在招聘經理和其他店內工作人員,”賈斯汀·赫希指出。

10. Private equity firms. Recruiters report that private equity firms are actively seeking management talent for their portfolio companies "across all industries and all functional areas," says Hirsch. "They're poaching already-employed, seasoned managers from big companies — people who can step into either a turnaround situation or a pre-IPO company and make it work. These are challenging jobs, and could be a real feather in a manager's cap if he or she can bring it off successfully."

10.私募股權。招聘經理報告稱,私募股權公司正在積極地爲它們投資的公司物色管理精英。赫希說,這些崗位涉及“所有行業,所有職能領域”。“它們正在從各大公司網羅身經百戰的資深經理人,也就是那些有能力扭轉乾坤,或者幫助一家即將首次公開招股的公司做好各項準備的人。這些工作極具挑戰性,如果經理人能夠大功告成,那將爲其職業生涯增添濃墨重彩的一筆。”

Do unemployed executives have a shot? "With the right network, yes," Hirsch says. "It's about having great business acumen, especially a knack for coping with ambiguity, and being known for that. It helps to have the right connections."

失業的高管有機會嗎?“如果掌握了靠譜的人脈,那就有機會,”赫希說。“這種工作需要卓爾不羣的商業觸覺,特別是要有應對不確定性的技巧,還要有一定的知名度。擁有恰當的人脈關係自然也有助益。”