不要再給健康的動物注射抗生素了
About 80% of antibiotics worldwide are used in animals, something health experts say is contributing to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, in which common infections no longer respond to the drugs used to treat them. Now the the World Health Organization (WHO) has released new recommendations for antibiotic use in animals, taking a strong position that the use of medically important antibiotics should be substantially dialed back, and that the use of antibiotics for growth promotion should be banned altogether.
世界上80%的抗生素都用在了動物身上，健康專家認爲這導致了抗抗生素性這一日益嚴重的問題，從而使得治療常見感染的藥物不再那麼有效。而今，世界衛生組織發佈了給動物使用抗生素的新建議，強烈建議應大量減少使用具有重要醫學意義的抗生素，並要求禁止使用促進生長的抗生素。The WHO is also recommending that healthy animals only receive antibiotics to prevent illness if a disease is already diagnosed in that animal's flock or herd. When veterinarians do treat animals, the WHO says they should only use mediations that are of least importance to human health (the agency provides a list).
世界衛生組織還建議：對於健康的動物來說，只有當它們的羣類被確診爲患有疾病時，才能給它們注射抗生素預防疾病。世界衛生組織表示，當獸醫給動物注射抗生素時，他們應該使用對人類健康危害最小的抗生素（該組織提供了一列清單）。
Antibiotics that are used in animals are either identical or very similar to antibiotics used in humans, which is why they contribute to the increase in infections among humans who don't respond to the drugs. The WHO says that potential consequences from completely restricting antibiotics for growth promotion "appear to be relatively small or non-existent."
給動物使用的抗生素要麼與人類使用的相同，要麼就是非常相似，所以會導致對藥物沒有反應的人羣的感染量增加。世界衛生組織表示，完全限制促進生長的抗生素的潛在後果"似乎相對較小或不存在。"
Whether countries will the new recommendations remains to be seen. "Countries will follow these guidelines if they are sufficiently impressed with how urgent this crisis is and if they have good leadership," says Dr. David Wallinga, a senior health officer at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).
各國是否聽從這一新建議仍有待觀察。"如果各國完全清楚這一危機的緊急程度或者有很好的領導人，那它們將會遵從這些準則，"自然資源保護委員會的高級衛生官員大衛·沃林加說道。Wallinga, who served on the WHO's guidelines development group, calls the recommendations "terrific," adding that some countries already follow these best practices. "I think [the guidelines] can work because it has worked," he says. "We have several examples of countries that have enacted these steps exactly and have seen remarkable decreases in their overall use of medically important antibiotics in just a couple years."
沃林加在世界衛生組織準則制定小組任職，他認爲這些建議"棒極了"，並稱有些國家早就遵從這些最佳做法了。"我認爲這些準則一定有用，因爲事實證明的確如此，"他說道。"有幾個國家已確切地制定了這些步驟，短短几年內，使用具有重要醫學意義抗生素的情況整體出現顯著下降趨勢。"The Netherlands, for example, has reduced antibiotic use in animals by nearly 60%, and Namibia no longer uses antibiotics in its beef production. In 2006, the European Union banned the use of antibiotics in animals for growth promotion. The U.S. just officially restricted the use of antibiotics for growth promotion in 2017.
比如，荷蘭已將對動物使用抗生素的情況降低了近60%，贊比亞在牛肉生產過程中已不再使用抗生素。2006年，歐盟禁止對動物使用促進生長的抗生素。2017年，美國正式限制使用促進生長的抗生素。
