乳製品真的有利身體健康嗎?
As much as we love cheese, and soft serve, and cream in our coffee, we know we shouldn't overdo it: Dairy products, at least the full-fat variety, have long been associated with heart disease and other health problems. But research-based evidence for this link has been inconsistent, and yet another new study supports the idea that certain types of dairy may not be the enemy after all.
雖然我們很喜歡奶酪、軟奶酪，也喜歡在咖啡中加奶，但我們知道乳製品不宜攝入過多，至少不宜攝入過多的全脂乳製品。長期以來，乳製品都與心臟疾病以及其它健康問題有關。但關於這一相關性的各類研究卻說法不一，而一項新研究認爲：某些類型的乳製品可能根本不會帶來危害。The new research, presented this week at the European Society of Cardiology's annual congress in Munich, found that people who regularly ate cheese and yogurt had a lower risk of dying during the study period than those who didn't. But before you take that as an excuse to scarf down a pint of Ben & Jerry's, it's important to consider all the facts. Health took a closer look, and spoke with nutritionists, about the real bottom line.
本週，研究員在慕尼黑舉辦的歐洲心臟病學會年會上展示了這項研究，研究發現：在研究期間，經常吃奶酪和酸奶的受試者的死亡率比不吃的受試者低。但在你以此爲藉口吞下Ben & Jerry冰淇淋之前，全面考慮很關鍵。《健康》雜誌採取進一步行動、與營養學家就真正的底線展開了對話。
What the research shows
研究表明了什麼？
The connection between dairy and heart disease risk has been in question for a while now: In 2017, a meta-analysis of 29 studies published in the European Journal of Epidemiology found no link between the consumption of dairy products and deaths from either cardiovascular disease or all causes. Yet, in 2014, a large, 20-year study published in BMJ found that women who drank lots of milk had double the risk of dying early compared to those who didn't.
乳製品與心臟病風險之間的關聯已給人們造成了一段時間的困擾。2017年，研究員對《歐洲流行病學雜誌》上發表的29篇研究進行整合分析，發現乳製品的攝入與心血管疾病或其它原因造成的死亡並無聯繫。然而，在2014年，一項發表在《英國醫學雜誌》上的大型研究（長達20年）發現：喝大量牛奶的女性早死的風險是不喝牛奶的女性的兩倍。With those studies in mind, an international team of researchers set out to investigate dairy consumption in a group of 24,000 U.S. adults taking part in a long-term research project. Over an average follow-up period of about seven years, about 3,500 of those people died.
基於這些研究，一個國際研究團隊開始對24000名美國成人（他們參與了這項長期研究）的乳製品攝入量展開調查。在大約7年的隨訪時間內，約3500名受試者離世。The researchers presented their findings at a poster session this week. (The results have not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal.) They found that people who consumed the most dairy products had a 2% lower risk of dying during the study period than those who consumed the least. For cheese specifically, those who ate the most had an 8% lower risk than those who ate the least.
研究員於本週在一次牆報展示會上展出了研究成果。（研究結果尚未在同行評審期刊上發表。）他們發現：研究期間，相比乳製品攝入量最少的受試者，攝入最多的受試者有着低2%的死亡率。特別是奶酪，攝入最多的受試者的死亡率比攝入最少的受試者低8%。
