關於英語基本句子結構分析
社會生活的信息化和經濟活動的全球化使外語,特別是英語,已經成爲我國對外開放和與國際交往的重要工具。本站小編整理了關於英語基本句子結構，歡迎閱讀!
1. 主語(subject)：句子說明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名詞) He likes dancing. (代詞)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (數詞) Seeing is believing. (動名詞)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主語從句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語)
(一)指出下列句中主語的中心詞
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 謂語(predicate)：是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行爲或狀態，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔任，放在主語的後面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
3. 表語(predicative)：系動詞之後的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態和特徵。
He is a teacher. (名詞) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代詞)
Five and five is ten. (數詞) He is asleep. (形容詞)
His father is in.(副詞) The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)
The question is whether they will come. (表語從句)
(常見的系動詞有: be, sound(聽起來), look(看起來), feel(摸起來，smell(聞起來), taste(嘗、吃起來), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感覺)……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表語
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 賓語：1)動賓表示行爲的對象，常由名詞或者代詞擔任。放在及物動詞或者介詞之後。如：
I like China. (名詞) He hates you. (代詞)
How many do you need? We need two. (數詞)I enjoy working with you. (動名詞)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (賓語從句)
2) 介詞後的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 雙賓語-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱爲賓語補足語。
We elected him monitor. (名詞) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名詞)
We will make them happy. (形容詞) We found nobody in. ( 副詞 )
Please make yourself at home. (介詞短語) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (帶to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (現在分詞) I’ll have my bike repaired. (過去分詞)
(五) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足語
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞) He is our friend. (代詞)
We belong to the third world.(數詞) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)
The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (現在分詞)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (過去分詞)
I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定語從句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定語
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。(以下例句按上述順序排列)
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
參 考 答 案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
(八) ① us, 間接賓語 a story, 直接賓語 ② me, 間接賓語 a new bike, 直接賓語
③ us, 間接賓語 history, 直接賓語 ④ Tom, 間接賓語 it, 直接賓語
⑤ me, 間接賓語 message, 直接賓語
關於英語基本句子結構二英語簡單句的五種句型結構
一、主語+不及物動詞(S+V)
[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做飯。
2. The sun is shining brightly. 太陽在明亮地照耀着。
3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們呼吸、吃和喝。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個小時。
5. They were singing when we arrived. 我們到的時候他們正在唱歌。
[分析]這些句子有一個共同的特點：謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思，不需加賓語。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，後面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
二、主語+及物動詞+賓語(S+V+DO)
[例句]1. Who knows the answer?誰知道答案?
2. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。
3. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。
4. He said “Good morning.” 他說：“早上好!”
5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
[分析]這些句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。
三、主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+P)
[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。
2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。
3. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯。
5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們缺少錢。
6. Our well has gone dry. 我們的井榦枯了。
7. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。
[分析]這些句子有一個共同的特點：謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態的表語構成複合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連繫動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況;get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什麼意義,只起連繫主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。
四、主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO)
[例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫做了一頓美餐。
3. I showed him my pictures.我給他看我的照片。
4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽車。
5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點了。
6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我開機器。
[分析]這些句子有一個共同的特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思，故這類動詞被稱作雙賓語動詞。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。一般來說指人的賓語叫間接賓語，指物的賓語叫直接賓語。通常情況下間接賓語在前，直接賓語在後;有時也可把間接賓語置於直接賓語後，此時間接賓語前需加介詞for或to。間接賓語後置與for連用的動詞有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：
Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.
= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔給我買了一件生日禮物。
間接賓語後置與to連用的動詞有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如：
Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.請遞給他一杯茶。
注意：若直接賓語是人稱代詞，通常情況下將其置於間接賓語之前。例如：
誤：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.
五、主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(S+V+DO+OC)
[例句]1. They called him James .他們叫他詹姆斯。
will keep the table clean .我們將保持桌面乾淨。
3. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色。
4. What makes him think so?他怎麼會這樣想?
5. We saw him out. 我們送他出去。
6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早點回來。
7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。
[分析]這些句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是隻跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補足語的作用是說明賓語的動作或狀態。賓語和它的補足語構成複合賓語。賓語補足語可以由名詞、動詞不定式、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語等充當。注意：在使役動詞make, let, have等引起的複合賓語中，若賓語補足語是動詞不定式，則要省去不定式符號to。例如：
He made us laugh. 他使我們發笑。
I won’t let you go. 我不會讓你走。
I have them come tomorrow morning. 我讓他們明天早上來。
關於英語基本句子結構三1.主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體，一般由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式或動名詞等充當。如：
The car is running fast.(名詞)
We are students.(代詞)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(數詞)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(動名詞)
【注意】若不定式短語作主語常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語(不定式短語)放在句後。
2.謂語：說明主語的動作或狀態，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動詞充當。動詞分爲實義動詞、連繫動詞、情態動詞和助動詞。實義動詞單獨作謂語，連繫動詞與表語一起構成謂語，情態動詞與省略to的不定式構成合成謂語，助動詞與動詞原形共同構成謂語部分。如：
He works in a factory.(實義動詞)
I felt cold.(系動詞+表語)
How can I get to the station?(情態動詞+實義動詞)
Do you speak English?(助動詞+實義動詞)
They are working in a field.(助動詞+實義動詞)
【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數方面要相互照應。
3.賓語：是及物動詞所涉及的對象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動名詞等充當。如：
He is doing his homework.(名詞)
They did nothing this morning.(代詞)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(動名詞)
【注意】①有的動詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人，直接賓語指物。這類動詞常見的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball，will you?(間賓+直賓)
直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之後，但若把直接賓語放在前面，則要在間接賓語前加適當的介詞如to或 for等。如：
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直賓+間賓)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直賓+間賓)
②有的動詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動名詞。這類動詞有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：
I hope to see you again.
③有的動詞一般只用動名詞作賓語，而不用不定式。這類動詞有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的動詞後接不定式與動名詞含義不同。
a)forget to do表示“未發生的動作”，forget doing表示“已完成的動作”。如：
Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(還沒來)
I forgot returning the book to him.(書已還給他了)
b)stop to do(不定式爲狀語)表示“停下
原來的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下來與他談話。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老師進來時學生們停止談話。)
4.定語：用於修飾名詞或代詞，一般由形容詞、名詞、數詞、不定式等充當。如：
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容詞)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
There are two students in the classroom.(數詞)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介詞短語)
【注意】定語一般位於被修飾詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語，則放在後面。
5.狀語：用於修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當。單個副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如：
Thank you very much.(副詞)
I get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短語)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(從句)
【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之後。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表語：用於說明主語的身份、特徵或感受，一般由名詞、數詞、形容詞、分詞等充當。常用的連繫動詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽起來)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(嚐起來)等。如：
They are workers.(名詞)
Two and three is five.(數詞)
The story is very interesting.(形容詞)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(動名詞)
She is at home.(介詞短語)
I feel terrible.(形容詞)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容詞)
7.賓語補足語：用於補充說明賓語的動作，一般位於賓語之後，賓語與賓語補足語一起構成複合賓語。需接複合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當。如：
We elected him monitor.(名詞)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容詞)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短語)
He is going to have his hair cut.(過去分詞)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(現在分詞)
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4.有關於英語句子結構分析
5.英語基本句子語法結構
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