如何快速找到雅思閱讀中的定位詞

雅思閱讀中定位詞如何選擇?雅思閱讀考試的核心就是信息的獲取能力，特別是雅思閱讀定位詞的抓取能力，而在這個過程中雅思閱讀定位詞無疑扮演着非常重要的一個角色，但往往很多同學也說到“這些雅思閱讀技巧都知道，但就是抓不住關鍵的信息”，這主要是因爲雅思閱讀考試定位詞越來越多多變、越來越具有欺騙性造成的，那麼雅思閱讀考試定位詞如何抓呢?
　　雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第一種也是最常見的一種變身是“同義替換”，這包含同義詞或同義詞組。
　　劍6，Test4的Q9：Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to criticism on Moral grounds。題目中定位詞爲moral，在文章中定位，我們會在文章第三段中定位到“Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical judgment”，而其中ethical即爲moral的同義詞。
　　劍4，Test3的Q9：Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support.此判斷題中定位詞實際上是詞組“set up their own small business ”，在文章中定位，我們會在文章中“Lessons learned” 的部分中定位到“Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, not for every street child”。此處，文章中“Being an entrepreneur”即爲定位詞的同義詞組。
　　其他的同義詞/詞組變身如:
　　perceive →sense evolve →develop detect →find
　　mortal →people unbiased → objective
　　limb → arm or leg waste→ unwanted material
　　resemble → look like dwelling → domestic building
　　雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第二種變身是“近義替換”，這包含近義詞或近義詞組。
　　劍7，Test1的Q8：However, even before this was understood, the principle had been applied in the design of instruments which calculated the ____ of the seabed。 此題爲在原文中選詞填空的摘要題，定位詞爲“calculate”和“seabed”， 在文章中我們會定位到“Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship”。此處“measure”即爲“calculate”的近義詞，而“sea”即爲“seabed”的上義詞。
　　其他的近義詞/詞組變身如：
　　salary → wage statement → comment
　　be gained from → derive from policy → initiative
　　valuable → important break down → subdivide
　　雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第三種變身是“派生詞”。
　　劍6，Test3的Q33：Monkeys were less likely to become diabetic。此題爲分類題，定位詞爲“diabetic”，在文章中定位，我們能定位到句子“…and they have more normal blood glucose levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked by usually high blood glucose levels)”。題目中定位詞“diabetic”爲名詞，意爲“糖尿病患者”，而文章中的“diabetes”也爲名詞，但意爲“糖尿病”，是 “diabetic”的派生詞。
　　劍4，Test4的Q14：archaeology involves creativity as well as careful investigative work。 此題爲是非無判斷題，定位詞爲“creativity”和“investigative”，在文章中我們能定位到“Archaeology is partly the discovery of the treasures of the past,…partly the exercise of the creative imagination…it is investigating the sewers of Roman Britain”。題目中定位詞“creativity”爲名詞，在文章中對應形式“creative”(形容詞)爲它的派生詞，;定位詞 “investigative”爲形容詞，在文章中對應形式“investigate”(動詞)爲它的派生詞。
　　其他的派生詞變身如：
　　recover → recovery evolutionary → evolve
　　erosion → erode
　　雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第四種變身是“反義詞的否定形式”。
　　Sticking Power中的Q15：What makes sticky insects feet special is the fact that they can also detach themselves easily from a surface。
　　此題屬於人名理論配對，題目中定位詞爲 detach。到文章中去定位，我們會定位到“’There are lots of ways to make two surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide precise and reversible attachment’ says Stas Gorb”，句中attachment實際上爲detach的反義詞attach的名詞形式，而reversible表示可逆的，因此 reversible attachment即爲detach的反義詞(組)的否定形式。
　　其它的反義詞否定形式變身如：similar → not unusual
　　雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第五種變身是“上義詞/詞組”。
      劍6，Test3的Q28：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old。此題爲是非無判斷題，定位詞爲“drugs”，在文章中定位，我們能在文章第一段定位到“As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging –the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。文章中“treatment”即爲定位詞“drugs”的上義詞。
　　劍4，Test2的Q8：Young people often reject the established way of life in their community。此題爲人名理論配對題，題目中信息量較大，需要根據詞組“reject the established way of life in their community”來定位，到文章中定位，我們會定位到“When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions”。此處，“the old traditions”即爲題目中“the established way of life in their community”的上義詞組。
　　其它的上義詞/詞組變身如：the newspaper and television → media
　　雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第六種變身是“下義詞/詞組”。
　　劍5，Test3的Q27：how AI might have a military impact。此題爲段落信息配對題，定位詞爲“military”，在文章中定位，我們會在E段定位到“HNC claim that their system based on a cluster of 30processors, could be used to spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield or …”，句中“battlefield”即爲“military”的下義詞。
　　其它的下義詞/詞組變身如：military → weapon / the Second World War
　　雅思閱讀定位詞★ 雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第七種變身是“原詞”，即沒有變身。這種情況多發生在定位詞是專有名詞、專業術語或實義名詞時。
　　劍7，Test3的Q28：Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they are outside the European Economic Community，此題爲是非無判斷題，定位詞爲“Nordic countries”。在文章中定位，我們能夠在第一段定位到“Those confined to particular geographical areas, such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries therefore had to be discarded”，句中的“Nordic countries”即爲定位詞原詞。