英語口譯中遇到熟語和引語怎麼辦

口譯時常碰到發言人頗有文采地(或爲融洽賓主關係)引用對方國家的古典詩詞和經典佳句。此時如果譯員平時不注意提高自己的文學素養就可能陷入困境。爲了避免面對這樣尷尬的鏡框，平時訓練的時候要學習一些常用熟語和引語的同時，培養根據上下文語境進行準確而靈活的、解釋性翻譯的能力。

熟語翻譯

心照不宣：Give it an understanding but no tongue.

畫蛇添足：to paint the lily

好高騖遠：to aim at the moon

撿了芝麻，丟了西瓜：Penny wise, pound foolish

塞翁失馬，焉知非福：a blessing in disguise

一個不成熟的想法：a green thought

引語翻譯

有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎：It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.

生於憂患，死於安樂：(As the ancient motto goes,) one prospers in worries and hardship, and perishes in ease and comfort.

在我當總理以來，我心裏總默唸着林則徐的兩句詩：“苟利國家生死以，豈因禍福避趨之”: I will do whatever to serve my country at the cost of my life regardless of fortune and misfortune.

說起臺灣，我就很動情，不由得想起了一位辛亥革命的老人、國民黨元老於右任在他臨終前寫過的一首哀歌：“葬我于山上兮，望我大陸，大陸不見兮，只有痛哭。葬我于山上兮，望我故鄉，故鄉不可見兮，永不能忘。山蒼蒼，野茫茫。山之上，國有殤。”：When Taiwan is mentioned, lots of feelings well up. I can’t help thinking of the late Mr. Yu Youren, a founding member of Guo Ming Dang, and participant of the revolution of 1911. He wrote a poem to express his grief over national division. He wrote such a poem: bury me on the highest mountain top so that I can get a sight of my mainland, mainland I see none, tears of sorrow cascade; bury me on the highest mountain top so I can get a glimpse of my hometown, hometown I see none, but it lived forever in my mind. The lofty sky is deeply blue, the vast openness not seen through, oh, boundless universe,would you hear me, and this elegy of this nation?

十四、技術性話題(Interpreting Technical Speeches)

譯員常被戲稱爲“萬金油”，意指什麼領域都懂一點，但又不是專家。這也表明了譯員必須涉獵廣泛，在很短的三五天裏通過上網搜索、閱讀相關材料從而達到相當於演講者的知識水平。其實，譯員並沒有什麼天才基因，可以在短時間內掌握“863”計劃頂尖技術或三聚氫胺的分子構成，只不過他們知道發言人和聽衆都是“心有靈犀”的業內人士，需要的只是一些連接術語的邏輯關係而已，這樣譯員在瞭解相關背景知識以及工作程序後，也能很好地起到橋樑作用。當然，應該鼓勵學生最好儘量熟悉話題，有條件的還應該選擇一個方向作深入研究獲推薦有專業背景的人來做這一話題。例如：

原文：

1、中醫認爲，陰與陽存在於人體內，相互作用，互爲依存。根據中醫的哲學觀，陰陽兩者對立制約，互根互用，消長平衡，相互轉化。陰陽平衡是健康的要素，陰陽失衡會影響健康，導致疾病。因此，中醫十分重視調節陰陽以保平衡。

2、We were aboard two US Air Force craft that flew at night from the United Kingdom to Israel, then back through the Azores to Florida. The path allowed us to observe the meteors—some no bigger than agrain of sand—from an altitude of 11-and-a-half kilometers. Images of the meteors were fed through infrared spectrographic-instruments that can detect the unique chemical fingerprints of complex organic molecules of the type that may have seeded life on earth.

譯文：

1、The TCM science maintains that yin and yang, (the two opposing and complementary principles in nature,) exist in human body, mutually functional and dependent. According to the philosophical view of TCM, the two aspects of yin and yang are mutually promoting, proportionally changing with the decrease of one resulting in, or from, the increase of the other, and mutually transformational. The balance of yin and yang is essential for the maintenance of good health. And if the balance is upset, health will be hurt and illness will develop. Therefore, TCM pays close attention to the effort of regulating yin and yang and maintaining an appropriate balance between the two.

2、我們乘坐兩架美國空軍的飛機，晚上從英國飛往以色列，然後經過亞速爾羣島，飛回佛羅里達，這條航線使我們能夠從11500米的高度觀察流星雨，有些流星微小如沙。流星顆粒被攝入紅外線攝譜儀，它能探測到那種可能在地球上播種生命的複雜有機分子的獨特化學痕跡。

想成爲一名優秀的翻譯人員，平時的訓練是必不可少的，只有積累得多了，才能在正式場合下少出問題。上面這些知識點大家要好好練習，反覆琢磨，領會其中的含義。滬江小編希望大家在瞬息萬變的考試或者口譯現場，能夠發揮出自己最大的能力。