高一英語必修一第一單元試卷及答案
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一、基礎測試(每小題1分，滿分20分)
A. 單詞拼寫
1. Something is wrong with the e__________ of the car. It can’t start.
2. Marie Curie was the discoverer of r_________.
3. According to the t________ of relativity (相對論), nothing can travel faster than light.
4. After all his mathematical calculations, Copernicus drew a c__________ that the earth was not the center of the solar system.
5. I__________ she’d gone, I remembered her name.
6. In the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese ___________ (打敗) the Japanese invaders.
7. Shall he ________ (參加) the meeting to be held tomorrow?
8. Work on the new railway will be ___________ (完成) at the end of next year.
9. Our new offices are still under ____________ (建設).
10. They have found some evidences that are __________ (聯繫) to this murder.
B. 句型轉換
11. A: From the facts John Snow concluded that polluted water carried the disease.
B: From the facts John Snow ________ _______ _______ that polluted water carried the disease.
12. A: He determined to find out why.
B: He __________ his __________ to find out why.
13. A: We will begin the work immediately.
B: We will begin the work ______ _______.
14. A: How will you deal with these letters?
B: What will you _____ _______these letters?
15. A: The movements of the other planets in the sky made sense only if you put the sun there.
B: Only if you put the sun there _______the movements of the other planets in the sky _______ sense.
C. 完成句子
16. He suggested that the machine ________ ________ (檢查) carefully before we used it.
17. She ______ _______ _______ (全神貫注於) reading, so she didn’t notice what was happening.
18. We ______ _______ (下決心) that this should never be allowed to happen again.
19. ______ _______ ________ (除…之外) Wang Hai, who will go there?
20. The teacher is popular with the students because he _______ ______ ______ ______ (對他們要求嚴格).
二、單項填空 (每小題1分，滿分15分)
team was ahead during the first half, but we _____ in the last ten minutes.
A. were won B. were lost
C. were beaten D. won
22. Usually children are allowed to ___________ when they are six years old.
A. attend school
B. attend the school
C. join school
D. join the school
23. Professor Hawking stepped into the office I knew that there was no hope.
A. Unless B. Now that
C. Although D. The moment
24. His failure in the experiment suggested that he ________ his teacher’s proper instructions.
A. should not have followed
B. should not follow
C. mustn’t have followed
D. hadn’t followed
25. I suggested that he _____ telephone the manager before he decided.
A. telephoned B. would telephone
C. telephone D. had to telephone
26. —I'm terribly sorry that I failed to win the game.
—You are not ________ for all you could do.
A. to blame B. pleased
C. right D. satisfied
27. Yang Liwei was surrounded by the audience ________ he stepped off the stage.
A. until B. through
C. now that D. immediately
28. Gathering clouds the coming storm.
A. declared B. turned out
C. connected D. announced
29. Seeing their son playing computer games all day, the parents don’t know ______ it.
A. how to do
B. what to do
C. how to deal with
D. how to do with
30. — So hard ______ in the past few months that he has made great progress in English.
— I can see that; only a few mistakes ______ in the exam.
A. has he worked; did he make
B. he has worked; did he made
C. he has worked; he made
D. has he worked; he made
31. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________.
A. value B. sense
C. fun D. use
32. Only by shouting at the top of his voice .
A. he was able to make himself hear
B. he was able to make himself heard
C. was he able to make himself hear
D. was he able to make himself heard
33. Only after the second tower of the World Trade Centre did people know it was not an accident, but an attack of some kind.
A. had hit B. did fall
C. was hit D. was fallen
34. Last summer holiday, I went back to my hometown, ________ the neighbors and the house ________ I used to be familiar with were gone.
A. only finding; which
B. only to find; that
C. only to find; whom
D. found; that
35. It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth ____ and his eyes _____.
A. closing; open B. closed; opened
C. closing; opening D. closed; open
三、完形填空 (每小題1分，滿分20分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握大意，然後從36-55各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳答案。
A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.
He may have the 36 that he is not capable (有能力的) of it. A child may think he is stupid because he does not understand how to make the 37 of his mental faculties(官能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of 38 anything new because of their age.
A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real 39 , because he feels that it 40 be useless. He won’t go at a job with the confidence(信心) necessary for success, and he won’t work his hardest, even though he may 41 he is doing so. He is 42 likely to fail, and the failure will 43 his belief in his incompetence(無能).
Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had 44 like this. When he was a small boy, he had a poor 45 in maths. His teacher told his 46 he had no ability in maths in order that they would not 47 too much of him. In this way, they too 48 the idea. He accepted 49 mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to 50 , and was very poor at maths, 51 as they expected.
One day he worked out a problem which 52 of the other students had been able to solve.
Adler succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He now 53 with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at 54 . He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned early in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may 55 himself as well as others by his ability.
36. A. belief B. way
C. fact D. condition
37. A. biggest B. most
C. higher D. deepest
38. A. teaching B. learning
C. accepting D. using
39. A. decision B. success
C. effort D. trouble
40. A. would B. should
C. must D. could
41. A. forget B. think
C. guess D. understand
42. A. truly B. really
C. however D. therefore
43. A. lead to B. strengthen
C. increase D. add to
44. A. an experience B. an expert
C. a thought D. a story
45. A. state B. mind
C. start D. ending
46. A. classmates B. friends
C. neighbours D. parents
47. A. blame B. expect
C. get D. win
48. A. developed B. organized
C. discovered D. found
49. A. a B. one
C. its D. the
50. A. manage B. succeed
C. try D. act
51. A. only B. almost
C. just D. then
52. A. none B. all
C. many D. most
53. A. lived B. worked
C. played D. graduated
54. A. lesson B. medicine
C. subjects D. maths
55. A. encourage B. love
C. astonish D. disappoint
四、閱讀理解 (每小題1.5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C或D)中，選出最佳選項
A
Albert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He is generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. What’s more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.
In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1939, Einstein, who loved peace—afraid of a world in which only Hitler would had an atomic bomb(原子彈)—tried hard to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.
Although he wasn’t connected with any accepted religion(宗教), Einstein felt that trust in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order. He once said, “God may know everything, but he is not hateful.”
56. From the passage we know that .
A. no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this century
B. Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his time
C. Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United States of America
D. Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons
57. If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would .
A. have continued his scientific research
B. have won another Nobel Prize for physics
C. not have advised starting uranium research in the U. S. A.
D. not have moved to the U. S. A.
58. Einstein in 1933.
A. visited England and the U. S. A.
B. lost everything
C. became a man without a country
D. both A and C
59. Einstein believed that everything in the universe .
A. was kept in order by its own law
B. had nothing to do with each other
C. happened in an irregular way
D. was made by the personal God
B
“That’s funny! These fellows in the middle of the plate have died.” Dr Alexander Fleming was talking to another doctor in a laboratory in London. He had been studying some germs(細菌)that he was growing on a plate. They were very dangerous germs because they caused different kinds of illnesses that could kill people. Dr Fleming found that a mould(黴菌)had floated in through the window landing on the plate. It had killed some of the germs it had touched.
“This certainly looks promising.” Fleming said. “We must grow some of this mould to see if it will kill other germs.”
He named the strange mould “penicillin”. It proved to be a killer of many germs. Fifty mice were given deadly germs and then half of them were injected(注射)with penicillin. The twenty-five untreated mice died, but twenty-four of those lived that had been treated with penicillin. Dr Fleming wrote a report about what he had found out. Hardly anybody took any notice of it.
In 1938 Dr Howard Florey, an Australian working in London, read Dr Fleming’s report and was very interested. He found that penicillin was effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings.
When World War II broke out, it was not possible to make enough penicillin in England. Dr Florey went to America where he helped to have enormous amounts of this wonderful drug made. It saved the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen who would have died from their wounds if the hospitals had not had penicillin.
60. Dr Alexander Fleming .
A. had been studying a mould which was very dangerous and could kill people
B. had been studying some of the germs on a plate which could cure illnesses
C. had been making experiments on some germs that he was growing on a plate
D. had been making experiments on different germs that could help sick people to get better
61. Some of the germs on the plate .
A. had been killed by a mould floating in through the window
B. had been killing one another, which was a surprise to Fleming
C. had been killed by a mould that had been grown by Dr Alexander Fleming
D. had been killed by a mould found by another doctor
62. The reason why the twenty-five mice died was that .
A. they had been given deadly germs and had been injected with penicillin
B. they were almost dead ahead of the experiment
C. they were easy to die in the experiment
D. they had been given deadly germs and had not been injected with penicillin
63. In 1938, an Australian working in London named Howard Florey read Dr Fleming’s report and .
A. left England for America, making the drug
B. went to America to save the lives of thousands of soldiers, sailors and airmen
C. found penicillin effective in treating blood poisoning in human beings
D. went to America to make this drug for mice
64. The word “enormous” means .
A. 剩餘的 B. 恰當的
C. 少許的 D. 巨大的
C
Einstein, a great scientist of the age, was almost as strange as his Theory of Relativity.
Once, while riding a street car in Berlin, he told the conductor that he had not given him the right change. The conductor counted the change again and found it to be correct, so he handed it to Einstein, saying, “The trouble with you is that you don’t know your figures.”
Einstein said that there were only twelve people living who understood his Theory of Relativity although a good many books had been written to explain it.
He had nothing but contempt(藐視)for the things most people set their hearts on—for fame and riches(財富)and luxury(奢華).
He didn’t want money or praise. He made his own happiness out of such simple things as his work and playing the violin and sailing his boat. Einstein’s violin brought him more joy than anything else in life. He said that he often thought in music.
65. The conductor thought Einstein .
A. wasn’t good at maths
B. had good memory
C. was either mad or strange
D. liked to make trouble
66. Einstein meant that many people .
A. knew his Theory of Relativity well because they could explain it
B. had written to have grasped his theory correctly
C. pretended to have grasped his abstract theory
D. admired him very much
67. The underlined part “set…hearts on” means .
A. believe B. have
C. love D. hate
D
Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist, invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process (變化過程). But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms (微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation (發酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea (嬰兒腹瀉) and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.
68. Pasteur became in 1854.
A. the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B. the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C. the general manager of a large beer-making company
D. the president of the University of Lille
69. According to the passage, Lille was a major center for in the mid-19th century.
A. growing grain crops
B. making beer and wine
C. doing chemical research
D. producing various kinds of yeasts
70. In the last sentence of paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to .
A. wine and beer
B. food and drinks
C. the various yeasts
D. other organisms
71. We can infer from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery .
A. is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food produts
B. did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille
C. has done a lot of good to children in the world
D. has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
E
On the first day of class, Mr Whiteson gave us a lecture about a creature(生物) called cattytiger, a kind of cat-like animal that completely disappeared during the Ice Age. He passed round a skull (頭骨) as he talked, and we all felt interested and took notes while listening. Later, we had a test about that.
When he returned my paper, I was very, very surprised. There was a very large cross through each of my answers. And so it was with everyone else’s in our class. What had happened? Everyone was wondering and couldn’t wait to get the answer.
Very simple, Mr Whiteson explained. He had made up all that story about the cattytiger. There had never been such an animal. So why none of us noticed that and how could we expect good marks for the incorrect answers?
Needless to say, we got very angry. What kind of teacher was this?
We should have guessed it out, Mr Whiteson said. After all, at the very moment he was passing around the cattytiger skull (in fact, a cat’s), hadn’t he been telling us that it completely disappeared during the Ice Age? Clearly he was telling a lie. But we just kept busy making notes and none used his head. We should learn something from this. Teachers and textbooks are not always correct.
72. We failed in the test because we didn’t .
A. take notes while listening
B. show interest in what Mr Whiteson said
C. listen to the teacher carefully
D. think carefully
73. We got angry because .
A. Mr Whiteson didn’t tell us the truth about cattytiger
B. we failed in the test
C. we didn’t know why he played the joke on us
D. there was no cattytiger
74. Mr Whiteson gave us a special lesson .
A. to show his special way of teaching
B. to play a joke on us
C. to help us learn our lessons better
D. so that we would no longer believe him
75. Mr Whiteson meant that .
A. teachers couldn’t make any mistakes
B. textbooks might be wrong sometimes
C. we should speak up if we thought our teacher or the textbook was wrong
D. we shouldn’t believe our teachers because sometimes they might tell lies
五、書面表達 (滿分15分)
隨着人們生活水平的提高，越來越多的人擁有了自己的汽車，你班同學就此展開了一次討論，提出兩種不同的觀點和看法。請你根據所提供的信息給報社寫一封信，客觀介紹這兩種看法。
贊同者認爲：
1.方便、快捷、舒適的交通工具;
2.反映出國民生活條件提高，國家富強;
3.帶動其他行業發展。
反對者認爲：
1.廢氣污染嚴重;
2.過多則影響交通，導致更多事故;
3.停車問題日益突出。
注意：1.信的開頭已給出;
2.詞數：100左右;
3.參考詞彙：方便的 convenient;交通 transportation
Dear editor，
I'm writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars.
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
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高一英語必修一第一單元試卷答案一、基礎測試(每小題1分，滿分20分)
A. 單詞拼寫
1. engine 2. radium 3. theory 4. conclusion 5. Immediately 6. defeated 7. attend 8. complete /completed 9. construction 10. linked
B. 句型轉換
11. drew a conclusion 12. made, mind 13. at once 14. do with 15. did, make
C. 完成句子
16. be examined 17. was absorbed in 18. were determined 19 In addition to 20. is strict with them
二、單項填空 (每小題1分，滿分15分)
21—25 CADDC 26—30 ADDCD 31—35 BDCBD
重點解析：
21. 若選B項，應改爲主動語態;若選D項，就出現了邏輯錯誤。因此最佳答案爲C。全句意思是：前半場我們領先，但是在最後10分鐘我們被打敗了。
22. attend school = go to school，其中的school不表示具體的“學校”，而是表示“上學”這一抽象概念，因此school前不可加定冠詞。
29. 從句意和結構看，使用do with或deal with都可以，但do with不可與how連用。
30. 在so …that句型中，“so+形容詞或副詞”放在句首時，主句倒裝，故排除B、C兩項;“only+狀語”放在句首時，句子採用倒裝語序，而答語中是“only+賓語”放在句首，因而不需要倒裝，故選D。
31. make不能與value搭配;make fun和make use與題意明顯不符。
32. 依據“only+狀語”放在句首的使用規則，排除A、B項;“make oneself +過去分詞”是固定結構。
33. “only+狀語從句”放在句首時，從句不倒裝，主句倒裝;從邏輯關係看，應該使用被動語態，fall是不及物動詞，不可用於被動語態，故選C。
34. 依據only to do結構作結果狀語的用法，排除A、D項;先行詞既有表人的詞又有表物的詞時，定語從句中的關係代詞用that。故選B。
35. 由於mouth與close之間存在被動關係，close應用過去分詞;本句中open爲形容詞，意思是“開着的”。
三、完形填空 (每小題1分，滿分20分)
36—40 ABBCA 41—45 BDBAC 46—50 DBADC 51—55 CABDA
重點解析：
36.下一段最後一句話有答案。
37. 本題考查固定結構，make the most of意爲“充分利用”。
38. 老年人也有錯誤認識：由於年齡大，不能學新東西。
39. make a real effort意爲“真正努力”。
42. 這一句與前一句爲因果關係，故選D。
43. 從上文看，這種想法一直就有，而lead to的意思是“導致了”;add to的意思是“加上”，都是表示從無到有，故排除A、D。strengthen的意思是“加強、加重”，符合句意，故選B。
44. 根據最後一段最後一句話推知。
47. expect too much期望太多。
48. develop意爲“形成、產生”。
49. 老師和父母親都這樣認爲，他也接受了這種錯誤觀點。
四、閱讀理解 (每小題1.5分，滿分30分)
56—60 BCDAC 61—65 ADCDC 66—70 CCABB 71—75 CDBCC
重點解析：
56. 此題考查細節判斷。文中指出，愛因斯坦有可能是20世紀最偉大的科學家，即是他那個時代最傑出的科學家。
57. 此題考查判斷推理能力。愛因斯坦熱愛和平，當時製造第一枚原子彈的目的是爲了打擊納粹，維護世界和平，讓人民生活在和平、穩定的環境中。由此得知，假如他知道了題中的事實，他決不會議搞核試驗研究。
59. 此題考查細節事實。愛因斯坦堅信宇宙有其自己的規律，宇宙中的萬物是按宇宙本身的法則組合在一起的。
60. 此題考查細節事實。從文章的第二句可以得知。
62. 此題考查綜合理解能力。實驗中死亡的25只小鼠被注射了毒菌而沒注射盤尼西林(Penicillin)，青黴素可以殺菌，因而注射了青黴素的小鼠得以存活，餘下的死亡。
64. 此題考查詞義理解。根據上下文，二戰時青黴素供給不足，因此Dr Florey去了美國來幫助製造這種藥，這種藥數量應該是“巨大的，多的”。後文也證實，這些藥救了成千上萬人的性命。
65. 售票員的話是在譏諷愛因斯坦的數學學得不好，連數都算不對。
66. 雖然很多人寫文章解釋他的相對論，但真正懂相對論的人只有12個人。
67. 大多數人是熱愛名氣、財富和奢華的。
68. 從 “In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille”一句可知答案。
69. 從第一段中的 “Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Rasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh” 一句可知答案。
70. 從第一段最後一句話可知they指的是食物和酒。
71. 短文的最後一段講述了在1900年Pasteur所發明的防止食物和酒變質的方法廣泛用於兒童所飲用的瓶裝牛奶，使世界上成千上萬的兒童免於死亡。
72. 此題A、B兩項都好排除，因文中有明確說明。許多同學誤選了C，實際上學生對課堂內容聽得並非不仔細，只是沒“加以思考(think carefully)”罷了。
73. 原文中，“we got angry”獨立成段，其上給出了原因，即“large cross in the paper”，也就是說學生們沒通過考試。故答案爲B。
74. 老師給我們上這麼一堂課用意何在?僅僅是顯示他獨特的教課方式?不。老師是嚴肅的，更不是爲了給我們開玩笑(play a joke on us)，他只是要我們學到些東西，學得更好(learn better)。
75. 文中最後一句話揭示了老師的意旨——不要把一切想當然(包括老師的話和教科書)。對於錯的一定要大聲說出來(speak up)。
五、書面表達 (滿分15分)
One possible version:
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we recently had about whether it is good or not for families to own cars.
With the development of people’s living conditions, more and more people have their own cars. Some of us think it good to own a car. Firstly, it’s a convenient,fast and comfortable means of transportation tool. You can go to a lot of places at any time. Secondly, it shows that people are becoming richer, and the country stronger. It also makes businesses and industries develop faster.
Others have different opinions. They think that cars give off waste gas and pollute the environment. Too many cars will have some bad effects, such as more accidents. Besides, parking cars is another big problem. Maybe people should think carefully before they buy a car.
Yours truly,
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