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2017英語中考知識點盤點

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2017英語中考知識點盤點
  2017英語中考知識點盤點:定語從句

一 名詞性從句:

1. 主要包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.

2. 主語從句很多情況下都可以放到句子後面,而用代詞it作形式上的主語. :

3. 形式賓語

4. 由名詞性關係代詞whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的賓語從句

5. whether and if 都能引導從句, 但用法有所不同. 當主語從句直接位於句首時,應用whether,而不用if. Whether 後能直接or not, 但if 不能.

Whether he will come or not is not known.

6. 在名詞reason後的表語從句必須用that引導, 不可誤用 because.

The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.

二: 定語從句

1. 引導定語從句的關係詞有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定語從句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整個句子, 多用which.

2. 當引導定語從句的先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等詞, 或先行詞前爲形容詞最高級所修飾時,或先行詞爲all, anything, nothing, something, everything 時,從句的引導詞只能用that.

3. as 可做引導詞引導定語從句, 多和such, the same 連用. As 引導的定語從句也可修飾整個句子, 既可放在先行詞後,也可放在句子開頭.

4. 介詞+which/whom/whose從句

5. 代/名+介詞+which 從句

6. 同位語從句和定語從句

三、定語從句的關係詞

引導定語從句的關係詞有關係代詞和關係副詞,常見的關係代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關係副詞包括where, when, why等。關係代詞和關係副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

四、定語從句的分類

根據定語從句與先行詞的關係,定語從句可分爲限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

五、關係代詞的用法

1. that 既可以用於指人,也可以用於指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

h用於指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位於火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

, whom用於指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關係代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。

(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的後面。例如:

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

(4)關係詞只能用that的情況:

a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。

b.被修飾的先行詞爲all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店裏有什麼東西要買嗎?

c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

d. 先行詞裏同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,爲避免重複,只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

(5)關係詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

a.先行詞爲that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什麼?

b.關係代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。

c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

五、關係副詞的用法

(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:

This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他爲什麼上學總遲到。

  2017英語中考知識點盤點:副詞

1.副詞的分類

副詞按詞彙意義可分爲:

方式副詞:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly程度副詞:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite

地點副詞:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home時間副詞:today,early,soon,now,then,recently

頻度副詞:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副詞:no,not,neither,nor

疑問副詞:where,how,why其他:also,too,only

2.副詞的基本用法:副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話,表示時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。如:We should listen to our teachers carefully.(修飾動詞)He is very happy today.(表時間)

“What happened?”I asked,rather angrily.(修飾adv./In spring,I can see flowers everywhere.(表地點)

3.副詞的位置

①時間副詞:一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在動詞的前面。I will do it omorrow.②疑問副詞:how,when,where,why放在句子的開頭。如Where did he go yesterday?

③關係副詞,連接副詞放在所連接從句的開頭I should like to know when the new term will begin?

④頻度副詞通常都放在動詞前面,但若句子裏面有情態動詞,助動詞或動詞be,就放在這類動詞的後面。例如:He often does this./You must always bear this in mind.

⑤副詞排列順序

a)時間,地點副詞,小單位在前,大單位在後

b)方式副詞,短的在前,長的在後,並用and或but等連詞連接。Please write slowly and carefully.

c)多個不同副詞排列:程度+地點+方式+時間副詞。He worked very well here last week.

注意:副詞very可以修飾形容詞,但不能直接修飾動詞。改錯:I very like English.

★4.常見副詞用法辨析

(1)already,yet與still的區別

①already用於現在完成時態的肯定句句中,表示“已經”;He had already left when I called.

②yet用於現在完成時態的否定句句末,表示“還”,用於疑問句句末,表示“已經”。

Have you found your ruler yet?/I haven’t finished my homework yet.

③still表事情還在進行He still works until late every night.

(2)so與such的區別

①so修飾形容詞或副詞;such修飾名詞。如:

My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him./He is such a boy.他是一個這樣的孩子。

②a)so修飾的結構是“so+形容詞+a/an+可數名詞單數”。

b)such修飾的結構是“such+a/an+形容詞+可數名詞單數”,

c)“such+形容詞+可數名詞複數/不可數名詞”。如He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.

(改錯)It is so cold are so good students.③如果可數名詞複數前有many,few或不可數名詞前有much,little修飾,用so不用such。如:

so many(如此多的);so few(如此少的)可以加可數名詞複數。

so much(如此多的);so little(如此少的)可以加不可數名詞。

So time so people A so many B so few C so much D such little

(3)also,too,as well與either的區別also,as well,too,用於肯定句,also常用於be動詞,情態動詞,助動詞之後,行爲動詞之前;as well,too用於句末;either用於否定句中,置於句末。如:

My father is a mother is also a teacher.=My father is a mother is a teacher as well.

=My father is a mother is a teacher,too.I can’t speak French,Jenny can’t speak French,either.

(4)sometime,sometimes,some time與some times的區別

sometime某一時間,某一時刻(可指將來時,也可指過去時)/sometimes有時,不時的

some time一段時間/some times幾次,幾倍

如:We’ll have a test sometime next month.下個月的某一時間,我們要進行一次測試。

Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.()

He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.()/I have been to Beijing some times.()

(5)ago與before的區別

ago表示以現在爲起點的“以前”,常與一般過去時連用,不可以單獨使用。

before指過去或將來的某時刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成時連用,可以單獨使用。如:

I saw him ten minutes ago./He told me that he had seen the film before.

(6)how的幾個短語:

①how often“多常,每隔多久”,用於一般時態,對錶示頻度的詞語進行提問;

②how soon“多久以後”,常用於將來時態,對in引導的一段時間提問;

③how long“多久”用於過去時、完成時或其他時態,常對於for或since引導的時間狀語提問;

④how many times“多少次”,用於過去時或完成時,對總計次數進行提問;

⑤how much“多少”,對程度進行提問,也可以對數量(不可數)或金錢進行提問。

⑥how many”多少”對可數名詞數量進行提問。⑦how far“多遠”對距離進行提問

如:have you been like this?-For 2 days./-does he wash his face?–Once a day.

Will be come back?-In five minutes./-is it from your home to your school?

(7)hard與hardly的用法:①hard作爲副詞意思是“努力地,猛烈地”,They study English very hard.

②hardly是否定詞,意思是:“幾乎不”,一般與情態動詞can/could連用。

You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.

(8)now,just與just now的區別

①now:與一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成時連用,意爲“現在”

②just:與現在完成時連用,表示“剛……”③just now:和過去時連用,表示“剛纔”

Where does he live______?/We have_______seen the film../He was here______.

三.形容詞,副詞的比較級、最高級

1.規則變化

2.不規則變化(1)(資料P98)不規則變化表更多資料QQ378459309製作:

(2)下列單、雙音節詞只能加more和most

原級比較級最高級

like(相似的,同樣的)more like most like

real(真的)more real most real

tired(疲乏的)more tired most tired

pleased(高興的)more pleased most pleased

often(經常)more often most often

★四.形容詞,副詞等級的用法

1.原級的用法

(1)有very,quite,so,too,enough等修飾的詞,用原級如:He is too tired to walk on.

(2)肯定句中A…+as+(adj./adv.的原級)+as+B A和B一樣

否定句中A…+not as(so)+(adj./adv.的原級)+as+B A和B不一樣

eg:Tom is as old as Kate./Tom is twice as old as Kate.

This room is not as/so(big)as that one.這個房間不如那個大。

2.比較級的用法

(1)A...+比較級+than+B A比B…(用比較級)Tom is taller than Kate.湯姆比凱特高。

(2)可以修飾比較級的詞:much,a lot,far;a little,a bit;even;still,表程度It is much colder today than yesterday.

(3)選擇疑問句中,二選一時Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?

(4)用比較級表示最高級的意思

The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中國長江比其它任何一條河都長。

(5)“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”

如:He is getting taller and taller./The flowers are more and more beautiful.

(6)“the+比較級,the+比較級”表示“越……,就越……”

如:The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

(7)在比較級中爲了避免重複,在than後常用one,that,those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞。

如:The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai.

(8)表示倍數的比較:A...+倍數+than+B A是B的幾倍。如:This room is three times bigger than that one.

3.最高級的用法(用於三者及三者以上人或事物相比較)

(1)形容詞最高級前一定要用the,副詞最高級前可省略。

(2)有範圍(in,of,among或從句等)修飾的常用最高級。

This is the best film that I have ever seen./Winter is the coldest season of the year.

(3)one of the+形容詞最高級+複數名詞+(in/of短語)”表“…是…最…之一”。

如:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China北京是中國最大城市之一。

(4)選擇疑問句中用於三者或三者以上的比較。如:Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?Which season do you like(the)best,spring,summer or autumn?

(5)表示“第幾個最……”時,用“the+序數詞+最高級+名詞單數”的結構。

如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

(5)形容詞最高級前有物主代詞,指示代詞,名詞所有格修飾時不能用定冠詞。This is our best lesson today.

注意:注:當相比較的兩者屬於同一範圍/類別時,爲了與自身相比較,要用any other+單數名詞.若兩者不屬於同一範圍/類別時,不必用other,直接用any+單數名詞.

He is taller than_____boy in his is taller than_____boy in our other

  2017英語中考知識點盤點:形容詞

形容詞主要用來修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質、狀態和特徵的詞。形容詞在句中可用作表語、定語、補語等。

1.作定語,放在名詞前,something,anything,nothing,everything等複合不定代詞之後;形容詞修飾疑問代詞時,也須放在其後。如:It’s a cold and windy d you like something hot to drink?

What else can you see?你還能看見其它什麼東西?

2.作表語,放在系動詞之後。常見的系動詞有be,become,get(變),turn(變),feel,look(看起來),seem,smell,sound,taste。如:He looks happy feels soft.綢子摸起來很軟。Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.

3.作賓補,放在賓語之後

★keep/find/make/think+賓語+形容詞(作賓補)We are making our country strong.

4.形容詞的排列順序:

如:a big yellow Chinese wooden ship(一個黃色的大型中國木船)

★前置形容詞(作定語)的順序爲:

限定描繪大長高,形狀年齡和新老;顏色國籍跟材料,作用類別往後靠;

①“限定詞”包括:冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、或數詞等。更多資料QQ378459309製作:

②表觀點的“描繪”性形容詞如:beautiful、bad、interesting、great等。

③“大長高”表示大小、長短、高低等一些詞big,small,,short,tall

④表示“形狀”的詞如:round,square等。

⑤年齡,新舊,顏色的形容詞young,old,new,white,red等

⑥“國籍”指一個國家或地區的詞。Chinese,rural(鄉村的)

⑦“材料”的詞如:wooden,woolen,stone,silk等。

⑧“作用類別”的詞如:medical,college,writing desk,police car等。

兩個圓形的藍色日本塑料盤

5、有關形容詞的用法辨析:

⑴whole與all:記住兩個詞序:

①the whole+名詞;如:He was busy the whole morning.(整個早晨他都很忙)

②all(of)the+名詞。He can remember all the words he learns.

⑵tall與high,short與low:

①指人的個子(樹、樓)時用tall與short;如:He’s very tall/short.(他個子高/矮)

Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.

②指其他事物(含價格price時)一般用high與low。A few people live on high mountains.

⑶real與true:

①real一般指東西的真假,譯爲“真的”This is a real diamond and it’s very expensive.

②true指事情或消息的可靠性“真實的”--Is that true?—Yes.I heard it with my own ears.

⑷interested與interesting的區別:

①interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,如:The man is very interesting and all the children like him./This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.

②interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語I am interested in science.(excited/exciting;bored/boring等類似)

(5)nice與fine:的區別:nice表示令人愉快的,可以指東西、人物外表等;

如:Let’s go and share the nice cake./She is a nice girl.(漂亮的)

【good/well區別見資料】fine一般指身體或天氣好What a fine day!(多好的天氣!)/I am fine.我身體很好

(6)too much與much too:

①too much表示“太多的”,修飾不可數名詞,表數量;如:I am full because I have had too much rice.

②much too表示“太”,修飾形容詞或副詞,表程度。That coat is much too dear.

(7)quick、fast與soon:quick與fast基本同義①quick常指反應速度快After a quick lunch,he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.②fast往往指運動速度快,A train is much faster than a bus.

③soon則表示時間上很快即將發生(將來時)。His father will be back to China very soon.

(8)lonely與alone:

①lonely有感情色彩的形容詞,意思是:“孤獨的,寂寞的;荒涼的”,作定語或表語

②alone adj.“獨自的,單獨的”,客觀情況,僅作表語,(作爲副詞的alone可作狀語)。

如:He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人獨住,但是並不感到孤獨)He is a lonely person.

(9)sick與ill區別:①sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定語、表語,而ill只能做表語,如:He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak help treat sick pets and most of the pets’owners like them.

②ill做定語意爲“壞的”ill words壞話


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