小升初英語巧學習，口訣彙總及虛擬語氣
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如果你看到下列的句子，你會認爲它們是正確的還是錯的呢?
1.I wish I were a bird.
request that you be here toMorrow.
也許你會說:"哈哈，第一句的 I were 錯了，應該是 I was;而第二句中的 you be是什麼東東呀?不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什麼 you be?!"其實上面的句子都是一種稱爲 Subjunctive 類型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的書譯爲"假設語氣"，雖不很貼切;但在相當大的程度上，告訴我們這種句子的特點。Subjunctive Mood中文譯作"虛擬語氣"，似乎不及"假設語氣"那麼容易明白。它是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的某種假設、願望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義。基本上，虛擬語氣可分爲虛擬現在(Subjunctive Present)和虛擬過去(Subjunctive Past)兩種;但它們和時態(Tenses)上所指的現在時態(Present Tense)和過去時態(Past Tense)是有所不同的。
一、虛擬現在(Subjunctive Present):
虛擬現在的句子，在任何時候都要用動詞的原形(root form)，就算是第三人稱(he,she, it)也是如此。如：
1.1 現在時態(Simple Present): (右邊爲虛擬語氣)
I work ---- I work
you work ---- you work
he works ---- he work (注意到了嗎，是 work，不是 works)
she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔)
it works ---- it work (同樣不是 it works 喔)
we work ---- we work
they work ---- they work
1.2 現在進行時態(Present Continuous):(右邊爲虛擬語氣)
I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)
you are working ---- you be working
he is working ---- he be working
she is working ---- she be working
it is working ---- it be working
we are working ---- we be working
they are woring ---- they be working
1.3 現在完成時態(Present Perfect):(右邊爲虛擬語氣)
I have worked ---- I have worked
you have worked ---- you have worked
he has worked ----- he have worked (用的還是have喔)
she has worked ---- she have worked
it has worked ---- it have worked
we have worked ---- we have worked
they have worked ---- they have worked
1.4 現在完成進行時態(Present Perfect Continuous):(右邊爲虛擬語氣)
I have been working ---- I have been working
you have been working ---- you have been working
he has been working ---- he have been working (是 he have, 不是 he has )
she has been working ---- she have been working
it has been working --- it have been working
we have been working ---- we have been working
they have been working ---- they have been working
談談虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)(二)
二、虛擬過去(Subjunctive Past)
虛擬過去的動詞無論在什麼情況之下都要用過去複數形式。如：動詞 be，在虛擬過去中要用 were。
2.1 過去時態(Simple Past):(右邊爲虛擬語氣)
I worked ---- I worked
you worked ---- you worked
he worked ---- he worked
she worked ---- she worked
it worked ---- it worked
we worked ---- we worked
they worked ---- they worked
2.2 過去進行時態(Past Continuous):(右邊爲虛擬語氣)
I was working ---- I were working (注意是 I were)
you were working ---- you were working
he was working ---- he were working (是 he were 喔)
she was working ---- she were working
it was working ---- it were working
we were working ---- we were working
they were working ---- they were working
2.3 過去完成時態(Past Perfect):(右邊爲虛擬語氣)
I had worked ---- I had worked
you had worked ---- you had worked
he had worked ---- he had worked
she had worked ---- she had worked
it had worked ---- it had worked
we had worked ---- we had worked
they had worked ---- they had worked
(耶，全部都用 had ! )
2.4 過去完成進行時態(Past Perfect Continuous):(右邊爲虛擬語氣)
I had been working ---- I had been working
you had been working ---- you had been working
he had been working ---- he had been working
she had been working ---- she had been working
it had been working ---- it had been working
we had been working ---- we had been working
they had been working ---- they had been working
小升初英語巧學習，口訣彙總
be 的用法口訣
我用am，你用are，is連着他，她，它;
單數名詞用is，複數名詞全用are。
變疑問，往前提，句末問號莫丟棄。
變否定，更容易，be後not莫忘記。
疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。
時間名詞前所用介詞的速記歌
年月周前要用in，日子前面卻不行。
遇到幾號要用on，上午下午又是in。
要說某日上下午，用on換in才能行。
午夜黃昏須用at，黎明用它也不錯。
at也用在明分前，說“差”可要用上to，
說“過”只可使用past，多說多練牢牢記，
莫讓歲月空蹉跎。
記住f(e)結尾的名詞複數
妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得發了慌;
躲在架後保己命，半片樹葉遮目光。
巧記48個國際音標
單元音共十二，四二六前中後。
雙元音也好背，合口集中八個整。
輔音共計二十八，八對一清又七濁，
四個連對也包括。有氣無聲清輔音，
有聲無氣濁輔音，發音特點應掌握。
非謂語動詞的一些特殊用法後只接不定式作賓語的一些常用特殊謂語動詞
動詞後，不定式，want, hope和wish，
agree, decide, mean, manage, promise,
expect, pretend,且說兩位算在此，
要記牢，要記住，掌握它們靠自己。
後接動詞不定式做賓語補足語省略不定式符號“to”的一些常用特殊動詞
一些動詞要掌握，have, let和make,
此三動詞是使役，“注意”“觀察”“聽到”see，
還有feel和watch，使用它們要仔細，
後接“賓補”略去“to”，此點千萬要牢記
除此之外，還可以掌握“八字言”，
一感feel,二聽hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch
後只接動名詞做賓語的一些常用特殊動詞
特殊動詞接“動名”，使用它們要記清，
“放棄”“享受”可“後悔”，
“堅持”“練習”必“完成”，
“延期”“避免”非“介意”
掌握它們今必行。
動名詞在句中的功能及其它
“動名”語法其功能，名詞特徵有動、形，主賓表定都可作，“動名”、“現分”要認清，“現分”不作“賓”和“主”，
動名作“狀”可不行。二詞皆可作定語，混爲一談不允許，主謂關係視分詞，“動名”一詞無此義。
現在分詞形式及在句子中的作用(包括過去分詞的作用)：
現在分詞真好記，動詞後面ING。它的作用真不小，可以充當定狀表。
還有賓語補足語，忘記此項不可以。
分詞做定語的位置及其它
“定分”位置有二條，詞前詞後定分曉。
單個分詞在詞前，有時此規有顛倒。
分詞短語在詞後，“定從”和它互對照。
“現分”動作進行時，“過分”動作完成了。
(注：“定分”：做定語的分詞;“定從”：定語從句;“現分”：現在分詞;“過分”：過去分詞。)
分詞做狀語在句子中所表示的意義
分詞做狀語，概有七意義。“
時間”和“原因”，“結果”與“目的”。
“方式”加“伴隨”，“條件”常出席。
且談其主語，謂語頭前的*。
欲要記住它，必須常練習。(*指句子的主語)
