四級翻譯 衚衕

臨近四六級考試，最近會發一些四六級翻譯的內容。

先是單句呈現，全篇的在文末。其中標註了顏色的，是比較重要的表達。

 衚衕 

 1. 單句分析  

1. 在北京，衚衕(hutong)是由一排排傳統四合院（siheyuan）形成的小巷。

In Beijing, hutongs are alleys（小巷） formed by lines of siheyuan, traditional courtyard residences. (同位語解釋四合院，是傳統的庭院住宅)

2. 四合院相依而連形成“衚衕”，衚衕與衚衕相連形成了許多街區。

One siheyuan stands next to another, and thus a hutong appears. And one hutong stands next to another, thus forming a neighborhood. 

3. 古時候，高官和富商的四合院中，房屋雕樑畫棟，庭院景觀秀美，成排寬敞的房屋與圍牆隔斷的花園形成了井然有序的衚衕。老百姓的四合院規模小，設計裝飾簡單，形成的衚衕較爲狹窄。【這句比較難，稍微看下即可】

In ancient times, the siheyuan of high-ranking officials and wealthy merchants often featured（動詞，具有……的特點） beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars and carefully landscaped gardens（處理爲：雕刻以及繪畫精美的樑、棟 and 景觀秀美的庭院）. The hutongs they formed were orderly (形容詞：有序的), lined by spacious homes and walled gardens（這裏的wall是動詞，因此 walled gardens 表示圍牆隔開的花園）. The siheyuan of comMoners were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.

4. “衚衕” 這個詞最早出現在元代，被認爲是出自於蒙古語，最初是“水井”的意思。

The term "hutong" appeared (注意時態，一般過去時) first during the Yuan Dynasty, and is believed to be（注意時態：一般現在時，且用到了被動語態） a term of Mongolian language originally meaning "wells”.

【一句話中可以有不同的時態，根據每個動作表達的意思來定】

5. 衚衕是北京文化元素的一個重要代表。由於北京悠長的歷史和六朝古都的地位，每條衚衕都有它的趣聞掌故，有些甚至與歷史事件相關。

Hutongs represent（這句的謂語動詞） an important cultural element of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing's long history and status as the capital for six dynasties, almost every hutong has its anecdotes, and some are even associated with historic events.

6. 與紫禁城、頤和園、天壇的宮廷生活和貴族文化形成鮮明對比，衚衕可以說是北京平民文化的代表。衚衕是居民休養生息的場所，是老北京的心臟。

In stark contrast to the court life and elite culture represented by the Forbidden City, Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect（本句的謂語動詞） the culture of grassroots Beijingers. The hutongs are residential neighborhoods and also the heart of Old Beijing.

 2. 重點詞彙/詞組 

1. 古時候 

in ancient times 

2. 高官 

high-ranking officials; senior officials 

3. 歷史事件 

historic events 

4. 文化元素 

a cultural element (複數: cultural elements)

5. 六朝古都 

capital for six dynasties 

6. 與……形成鮮明對比 

in stark contrast to… 

7. 宮廷生活 

court life  
8. 貴族文化 

elite/aristocratic/noble culture 

9. grassroots n. 基層，基礎；可以用作定語名詞，來修飾另一個名詞，如 a grassroots movement 羣衆運動

 3. 全篇 

在北京，衚衕(hutong)是由一排排傳統四合院（siheyuan）形成的小巷。四合院相依而連形成“衚衕”，衚衕與衚衕相連形成了許多街區。

古時候，高官和富商的四合院中，房屋雕樑畫棟，庭院景觀秀美，成排寬敞的房屋與圍牆隔斷的花園形成了井然有序的衚衕。老百姓的四合院規模小，設計裝飾簡單，形成的衚衕較爲狹窄。

“衚衕” 這個詞最早出現在元代，被認爲是出自於蒙古語，最初是“水井”的意思。

衚衕是北京文化元素的一個重要代表。由於北京悠長的歷史和六朝古都的地位，每條衚衕都有它的趣聞掌故，有些甚至與歷史事件相關。

與紫禁城、頤和園、天壇的宮廷生活和貴族文化形成鮮明對比，衚衕可以說是北京平民文化的代表。衚衕是居民休養生息的場所，是老北京的心臟。

In Beijing, hutongs are alleys formed by lines of siheyuan, traditional courtyard residences. Many neighborhoods were formed by joining one siheyuan (四合院）to another to form a hutong, and then joining one hutong to another.

In ancient times, the large siheyuan of high-ranking officials and wealthy merchants often featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams（樑）and pillars（柱子） and carefully landscaped gardens. The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by spacious homes and walled gardens. The siheyuan of commoners were far smaller in scale and simpler in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower. 

The term "hutong" appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty, and is believed to be a term of Mongolian language originally meaning "wells".

Hutongs represent an important cultural element of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing's long history and status as the capital for six dynasties, almost every hutong has its anecdotes, and some are even associated with historic events.

In stark contrast to the court life and elite culture represented by the Forbidden City, Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers. The hutongs are residential neighborhoods and also the heart of Old Beijing.

最後囑咐：翻譯寫作這種偏主觀的題目，只看是完全不夠的。所以一定要自己動筆寫！！！寫得不好不要怕，就是因爲寫不好，纔要平時多寫，寫完之後改，這樣一點點進步！！