分詞的語態和語態用法分析

以下是小編爲大家整理的分詞的時態和語態用法總結，希望能幫助大家更好地認識這個句型，提高英語水平。

　　分詞的語態：

1)與主語動詞同時，

Arriving there, they found the boy dead.　剛一到那兒，他們就發現那男孩死了。

Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.　 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。

典型例題

The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.

A. to prepare　 B. preparing　 C. prepared　 D. was preparing

答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個。又因前後兩個動作同時發生，且與主語爲主動關係，應用現在分詞。

2)先於主動詞

While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園裏散步時他傷了腿。

分詞作時間狀語，如果先與主動詞的動作，且強調先後， 要用having done。

Having finished his homework, he went out.

=As he had finished his homework, he went out.

做完作業後，他出去了。

典型例題

___ a reply, he decided to write again.

A. Not receiving　　B. Receiving not　 C. Not having received　 D. Having not received

答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態與分詞的否定式。根據題意判斷，分詞的動作(接信)發生在謂語動詞的動作(決心再寫信)之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構成爲not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解爲：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

　　分詞的時態用法分析：

1)通常，現在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：

He is the man giving you the money.　(= who gave you…)

他就是給你錢的那個人。

He is the man stopped by the car.　　( = who was stopped by…)

他就是那個被車攔住的人。

2)不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經發生

gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned

例: a well-read person.　　一個讀過許多書的人

a burnt-out match　　 燒完了的火柴

a much-travelled may　一個去過許多地方的人