6招教你如何做一場出色的演說

講座是傳統教學的一種方法，或許是最古老的一種方法。一些批評者認爲講座是一種被動的教學方式。然而，講座不總是被動的。一個高效的講座是經過計劃和選擇的。下面是一些規劃講座的小妙招。

1. Don't Cover It All

1.不要包括所有的內容

Base your lecture on the most important material, a topic that your listeners are likely to find difficult or material that doesn't appear in the text.

以最重要的內容構建講座，可以選擇聽衆們覺得困難的話題或者課本中沒有出現的內容。

2. Make Choices

2.做出選擇

Your lecture should present no more than three or four major issues, with time for examples and questions. Determine the critical message of your lecture and then remove the adornments. Present the bare bones in a succinct story.

講座呈現的問題應該不超過三個或者四個，這樣就有時間進行舉例和提問。判斷出講座中的重要信息並且刪掉修飾內容。呈現出一個簡潔的故事梗概。

Listeners will absorb the salient points easily if they are few in number, clear, and coupled with examples.

如果要點數量不多，清楚並且有例子進行解釋，聽衆們會容易理解。

3. Present in Small Chunks

3. 以小版塊內容呈現

Present your lectures in 20-minute chunks. What's wrong with a 1- or 2-hour lecture? Research shows that listeners remember the first and the last ten minutes of lecture, but little of the intervening time.

以20分鐘的小版塊內容呈現講座。一個小時或者兩個小時的講授有問題？據調查顯示聽衆們記得講座前10分鐘和後10分鐘的內容，但是很少記得講座中間說了什麼。

4. Encourage Active Processing

4.鼓勵積極處理

Learning is a constructive process. Listeners must think about the material, relate new knowledge to what is already known, and apply knowledge to new situations. Effective instructors use active learning techniques during the lectures.

學習是一個構建性的過程。聽衆們必須思考學習內容，把新知識跟已經學過的知識聯繫起來並且運用到新的環境中。高效的講座者在講座中使用積極的學習技巧。

Listeners tend to prefer active learning techniques because they are engaging and fun.

聽衆們更喜歡積極的學習技巧,因爲他們能夠參與其中並且覺得有趣。

5. Pose Reflective Questions

5.提出沉思性問題

The simplest way of using active learning techniques is to ask reflective questions, not yes or no questions, but those that require listeners to think. For example, “What would you do in this particular situation? How would you approach solving this problem?” Reflective questions are difficult and will require time to think, so be prepared to wait for an answer (likely at least 30 seconds). Endure the silence.

使用積極的學習技巧，最簡單的辦法就是提問沉思性的問題，不是簡單回答對或者錯的問題，而是那些需要聽衆們去思考的問題。例如，“在這種情況下你會怎麼做？你會怎樣解決這個問題？”沉思性的問題是有難度的並且需要時間去思考，因此要準備好去等待答案（可能至少是30秒）。要經得住沉默。

6. Get Them Writing

6.讓聽衆們動手寫

The benefit of asking listeners to consider the question in writing is that they will have time to think through their response and feel more comfortable discussing their views without fear of forgetting their point.

讓聽衆們通過動手寫去考慮問題的好處就是，聽衆們們會有時間去考慮問題，他們會在討論觀點的時候表現得更加自然，不用害怕忘記要點。

Breaking up a lecture and interspersing it with discussion and active learning takes the pressure off of you as the instructor. An hour and fifteen minutes, or even fifty minutes is a long time to talk. And it's a long time to listen. Try these techniques and vary your strategies to make it easier on everyone and increase your likelihood of success in the classroom.

使講座分層，並且以討論和積極的學習貫穿其中能夠減少作爲講座者的壓力。無論是聽還是講，一個小時十五分鐘或者五十五分鐘都是很長的一段時間。使用這些技巧或者轉換策略使講座變得更加容易，而且增加成功的可能性。