高中英語常見後綴總結
其實英語單詞和漢字一樣,存在着很多的“偏旁部首”,知道了偏旁部首你就可以根據它們直接來猜測單詞的意思,雖不説百分之百猜準,但起碼可以猜測個大概,接下來小編為大家整理了高二英語學習內容,一起來看看吧!
一、名詞後綴
常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意為:從事某種職業或參與某種活動的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例詞:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor
2.-let意為:小或者不重要的東西(small,unimportant things)例詞:booklet,leaflet,
3.-ette意為:1)小的東西(small)例詞:cigarette 2)假的東西(imitation)例詞:leatherette 3)女性(female)例詞: usherette
4.-ess意為:女性(female)例詞:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
5.-hood意為:時期(status;etc.)例詞:boyhood,childhood,manhood
6.-ship意為:才能,狀態,資格,品質等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例詞:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship
7.-ful意為:量(the amount which noun contains)例詞:cupful,handful, mouthful,
8.-tion,-ion意為:1)狀態,行動等(state;action;etc.)例詞:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)機構等(institution;etc.)例詞: organization,foundation
9.-ment意為:狀態,行動等(state; action;etc.)例詞:movement,enslavement,
10.-al意為:動作(action)例詞:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal
11.-age意為:程度,數量等(extent; amount;etc.)例詞:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage
12.-ness;-ity(ty)意為:狀態,品質(state;quality;etc.)例詞:happiness, usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability
13.-ism意為:道義,主義,學説等(doctrine of,practice of)例詞:idealism, impressionism,absenteeism,racism
二、動詞後綴 常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:
1.-ify意為:轉為,變為(to turn into,to make or become)例詞:beautify, diversify,simplify
2.-ize;-en意為:使……,變得……(to make or become ;to make into)例詞:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten
3.-ate意為:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例詞:originate, hydrogenate,validate,differentiate
三、形容詞後綴: 常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:
1.-ful意為:充滿,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例詞:useful,pitiful, hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful, fearful
2.-less意為:沒有,無(without;not giving)例詞:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless
3.-ly意為:有…品質的(having the qualities of)例詞:beastly,manly, brotherly,friendly
4.-like意為:像……的(like)例詞: childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like
5.-y;-ish意為:像……一般的(somewhat like)例詞:meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish
6.-some意為:像……一樣的;引起……的;有……品質的(like;causing; having the quality of)例詞:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome
7.-able(ible)意為:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例詞: changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible
8.-ed意為:有……的(having,etc.)例詞:wooded,pointed,moneyed, odd-shaped 9.-al意為:有……屬性的,……類型的(nature of,typical of)例詞:cultural,personal,regional,musical
10.-ary(ory)意為:屬於……的,與……相連的(belonging to;connected with)例詞:revolutionary,imaginary, contradictory
11.-ous意為:富含……的;有……品質的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例詞:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious
12.-ic(ical)意為:……類的;屬於……的(typical of;belonging to)例詞: historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic
13.-ive意為:有……屬性的;有某種傾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例詞:attractive, talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive
四、副詞後綴 常見的此類後綴及其具體含義如下:
1.-ly意為:以……方式(in er;etc.)
例詞:happily, boldly,attentive- ly,strangely
2.-ward(s)意為:表示方式或動作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例詞:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward(s),eastward(s)
3.-wise意為:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例詞:crabwise,clockwise2)
就……而言(as far as concerned)例詞:weatherwise ,educationwise
常用的前綴主要有:ab—表示反常 absent 缺席 abnormal 不正規的
ap—表示添加 append 懸掛 apposition 同位置
bi—表示兩、重 bicycle 自行車 bigamy 重婚
com—表示共同 combine 聯合 compete 相爭
dis—表示分開 disarm 裁軍 dislike 討厭
im—表示不 impossible不可能的 immoral 不道德的
in—表示不、向內 informal 非正式的 inhuman 不人道的
non—表示無 nonparty 無黨派的 nonmetal 非金屬
pro—表示向前 progress 進步 prognostic 預兆
re—表示回、重新 review 複習 reaction 反應
un—表示不、非 unhappy 不快樂的 unbalance 失去平衡
常用的後綴主要有:
al—表示人、物 rival 競爭者 mural 壁畫
cy—表示狀態、職位 bankruptcy 破產 captaincy 船長
er—表示人、物 teacher 老師 cooker 廚具
able—表示可能的 movable 可移動的 passable 可通行的
ful—表示充滿 beautiful 美麗的 useful 有用的
or—表示人、物 actor 男演員 mirror 鏡子
ist—表示人 copyist 抄寫員 socialist 社會主義者
ment—表示行為 enjoyment 娛樂 movement 運動
ing—表示令人 exciting 令人興奮的 interesting 令人有興趣的
ed—表示感到 excited 感到興奮的 interested 感到有興趣的
less—表示沒有的 resistless 不抵抗的 homeless 無家可歸的
ly—副詞後綴 gently 輕輕地 intently 專心地
tion—名詞後綴 graduation 畢業 relation 親屬
五、以下動詞加-ed或-ing要雙寫最後一個字母
1. regret (regretted, regretting) 後悔2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制
3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承認4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出現
5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 寧願6. refer (referred, referring) 提到
7. forget (forgetting ) 忘記8. permit (permitted, permitting)允許
9. equip (equipped, equipping) 裝備
六、部分過去式和過去分詞不規則變化的動詞
1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 廣播2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑
3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原諒
5. freeze (froze, frozen) 結冰6. hang (作“絞死”講,是規則的;作“懸掛”講,是hung)15. weave (wove, woven) 編織
7. lie (作“説謊”講時,是規則的;作“位於”講時,其過去式是lay,過去分詞是lain)8. seek (sought, sought) 尋求9. shake (shook, shaken) 發抖
10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉
12. spread (spread, spread) 傳播13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳
14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎
七、意思相近的詞
1. check / examine/ test2. receive / accept3. destroy /damage4. celebrate/ congratulate
5. wear / dress
八、注意形容詞變名詞時的拼寫變化
1. long—length 長度2. wide—width 寬度
3. high—height 高度4. strong—strength力量
九、以-ic結尾的動詞,應先把-ic變為-ick,再加ing或ed
1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐
十、個別名詞的複數拼寫
1. German (Germans) 德國人2. gulf (gulfs) 海灣
3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕
4. hero (英雄),potato (土豆),tomato (西紅柿)
等有生命的以-o結尾的名詞變複數時要加-es。
5. roof (roofs) 房頂6. stomach 胃 (其複數是stomachs而不是加
十一、注意動詞變名詞時的拼寫變化
1. succeed—success成功2. pronounce—pronunciation 發音
3. explain—explanation解釋4. decide—decision 決定
5. enter—entrance進入6. permit—permission 允許
7. refuse—refusal 拒絕8. consider—consideration 考慮
9. discover—discovery 發現10. bury—burial 埋葬
11. conclude—conclusion 得出結論12. arrive—arrival 到達
13. weigh—weight 重量
十二、注意形容詞變副詞時的拼寫變化
1. beautiful—beautifully 美麗的2. possible—possibly 可能的
3. practical—practically 實際的4. particular—particularly 特別的
5. successful—successfully 成功的
十三、其它必背單詞
1. abroad 國外
2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)3. accepted (NMET1997)
4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的,accidentally adv. 偶然地)
5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 獲得)6. address地址
7. admire欽佩8. admitting (2000北京春季卷)
9. agreement 協議10. agriculture農業 (agricultural adj. 農業的)
11. altogether總共12. ancient 古代的13. announced(NMET1999)
14. anxiety 憂慮 (anxious adj. 焦急的,anxiously adv. 焦急地)
15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉apologetic adj. 道歉的,apologeticallyadv.道歉地)16. apologize/apologise (道歉)
17. appreciate感激/欣賞 (感激人用thank sb;謝謝某人做的事用appreciate sth.)
18. Asian(NMET1996)19. assistant 助手
20. astonish吃驚 (astonishment n. 吃驚,astonishing,astonished)
21. astronaut 宇航員22. atmosphere氣氛
23. attempt嘗試 (可作名詞也可作動詞)24. attentively 專心地
25. attentively(NMET1996)
26. attitude 態度27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)28. average 平均
29. average(NMET1999)30. balance平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful)
32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念,其複數是beliefs)33. beyond超過
34. biology生物35. birthday生日36. bravery 勇敢
37. broadcast(NMET1996)38. broadcast廣播 (過去式、過去分詞同原形)
39. carefully 小心 (carefully)40. ceiling天花板
41. celebrated 慶祝)42. celebration 慶祝 (celebrate n. 慶祝)
43. century 世紀44. challenge 挑戰45. character 性格
46. charge收費47. cinema電影院48. comfort v. & n.
安慰 (comfortable adj. comfortably adv.舒適地)
49. comfortably(舒適的)50. comment 評論51. communication 交流
52. competition 競賽 (compete v. 競賽competitor 競賽者)53. composition 作文
54. concert 音樂會55. conclude v. conclusion n. 結論
56. condition情況 (conditions條件)57. confessing 陳述 告誡)
58. congratulations 祝賀 (congratulate v.)59. constantly 不斷地
60. construction(NMET1996)61. continue繼續
62. contribution 貢獻 (contribute v.)63. conveniently方便 (convenient adj.)
64. conversation 談話65. coughing(NMET1997)66. cousin表兄弟
67. cruelty 殘酷 (cruel adj. cruelly adv.)68. curious 好奇 (curiosity n. 好奇)
69. curious(好奇的)70. customer 顧客71. customers (顧客
)72. custom習俗73. damage損壞74. declared(陳述)
75. delicious 美味76. destroy毀滅 (其過去式是destroyed)
77. determined 有決心的78. develop發展 (development n. developing
發展中的,developed發達的)79. dialogue 對話80. diary 日記 (dairy 奶製品)
81. difference 不同點 (有複數形式)82. disappointed失望 (disappointing 讓人失望的)83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 發現
(其複數是discoveries,其動詞是discover,discoverer發現者)
85. disturb打擾86. dollar美元 (其複數是dollars)
87. downstairs樓下88. dream夢想 (其過去式是dreamed或dreamt)
89. electricity電 (electrical電的,electric 電的)
90. employ 僱用 (employment n. employer 僱主,employee僱員)
91. empty倒空 (可用動詞,其過去式是emptied)
92. encourage鼓勵 (encouraging, encouraged,encouragement n.)
93. energy能量94. envelope 信封95. envy n. 妒忌 (envious adj.)
96. equal(NMET1998)97. equipment設備98. especially 尤其是
99. essential(NMET1999)100. European 歐洲人101. event事件
102. excellent極好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)
103. exhibition(NMET1997)104. exhibition展覽105. expense 耗費
106. experience 經驗 (experienced 有經驗的)
107. expert 專家108. expression 表達109. failure 失敗 (fail v.)
111. familiar熟悉的 )112. favorite 最喜愛的113. figure人物/數字
114. finger手指115. flight飛行116. forehead前額117. foreign(外國的)
118. fortunately幸運地119. forward向前120. freezing 極冷的 (frozen 冷凍的)
121. frequently 經常地122. furniture 傢俱123. further進一步的
124. generally 125. geography地理
127. government(NMET1996)128. gradually逐漸地
129. graduation畢業 (graduate)130. grammar語法131. habits (NMET1997)
133. honesty 誠實 (honest)134. honor/honour 榮譽
135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)136. immediate (2000北京春季卷)
137. immediately馬上138. impress 印象 (impression n.)
139. incident小事件140. including包括 (include v.)
141. indispensable (NMET1999)142. industry工業 (industrial adj. 工業的)
143. information 信息144. inspire激勵 (inspiration n. inspiring, inspired)
145. institute學院146. instrument 儀器147. interest 興趣
148. interrupt 打斷150. introduce介紹 (introduction n.)
151. irregular 不規則的152. journey旅程
153. judge判斷 (judgment)154. kindergarten幼兒園155. knowledge 知識
156. labor/labour勞動157. late1y(NMET1999)158. laughter笑聲
159. lawyer律師160. librarian圖書館理員161. loss損失 (lose, lost 是其動詞形式)162. luckily幸運地163. magazine雜誌164. majority
165. majority大多數166. manage 設法 (manager, management)
167. market168. marriage 結婚 (marry v. 結婚,married已婚的)
169. material(s)/cloth(NMET1996)170. material物質/材料171. mayor市長
172. mean 173. measure測量174. medal 獎章 (比較:model 模型)
175. memory記憶力 (memorize v. 記住,remember 記得)
176. messages 177. metal 金屬178. modern現代的
179. modest謙虛的180. monitor 班長/監控181. moustache 鬍子
182. murder謀殺 (murderer 兇手)183. musician 音樂家
184. mysterious 神祕的 (mystery 神祕)
185. nationality國籍 (nation 國家,national國家的)
186. naturally187. naughty 淘氣的
188. necessary189. ninth190. normal 正常的
191. obey 192. obviously明顯的193. offering (2000全國卷)
194. operation手術195. opportunity 機會196. ordinary 普通的
197. organized/organised198. particularly 特別是
199. passenger 旅客200. passengers
201. patience耐心 (patiently)202. patient病人/耐心203. perfect 完美 (perfectly)
204. performed205. perhaps 或許
206. period 時期207. permission許可208. persuaded
209. phenomena 現象210. physicist 物理學家211. pilots
212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison)213. political 政治的 (politics)
214. popular受歡迎的215. population人口216. position 職位
217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的)218. poverty 貧窮 (poor)
220. practical 221. preparing
222. pressure223. pretend假裝224. professor 教授225. profit 利潤
226. progress進步227. pronunciation
228. provide 提供 (比較:offer, supply)229. public 公眾230. purpose目的
231. quality(質量)232. quantity數量233. realistic(現實的)
234. receive 收到235. recently(最近)236. recognised/recognized(認識 認知)
237. recognize 認出 (recognition 承認)238. regards 問候
239. remind提醒240. repeat (repetition)重複241. respect尊敬242. restaurant 餐館
243. restaurants(餐館)244. satisfaction滿意 (satisfy, satisfied,satisfying)
245. satisfactory 滿意的246. Saturday(NMET1998)247. scientific 科學的
248. scientific科學的249. secretary祕書250. secretly (祕密的)
251. separately單獨地252. separates (分離 隔離)
253. serious 嚴重的 (seriously)254. service服務
255. shortcoming缺點256. silence 安靜 (silent)
257. similar (相似的)258. similar 類似的 (similarity –ies相似之處)
259. situation形勢/情況260. slightly(輕微的)
261. society 社會 (social adj. 社會的)262. southern(南方的)
263. special特別的264. species 物種 (單複數同形)
265. spring(NMET1997)266. square 平方267. stolen(偷盜)
268. straight(直行 直接)269. suitable合適的270. support支持
271. surprise吃驚272. surround 包圍273. swimming游泳
274. technique 技術 (technical adj.)275. technology技術
276. temperature温度277. theory 理論278. thirsty口渴
279. thorough (通過)280. total合計281. traffic 交通
282. translated(翻譯)283. translation 翻譯 (translator翻譯家,interpret 解説,
interpreter 口語翻譯)284. umbrella(NMET1999)
285. umbrella傘286. unusually不尋常 (unusual不尋常的)
287. unwilling 不願意 (willing adj. 願意 will n. 意志)
288. upstairs(樓上 上層)289. upstairs樓上290. vacation假期
291. various各種各樣的 (variety n. 種類)292. victim受害者
293. victory勝利294. vocabulary詞彙295. voyage航行
296. waste (浪費)297. wealth財富298. weather(天氣)
299. whisper 低語300. worship崇拜301. youth年輕人 (複數加-s)