考古新發現 娘化推動人類進步？

A drop in testosterone levels around 50,000 years ago led the the development of art and tools, researchers believe.
有研究人員認爲，5萬年前人體睾丸素水平的降低促進了人類藝術和工具領域的發展。

They say the drop, which led to a change in the shape of skulls, coincided with a blossoming in culture.
他們稱，睾丸素的下降改變了人類的頭骨形狀，在此同時文化得到了繁榮發展。

The two could be linked, as humans developed a More co-operative outlook as levels dropped.
兩者的聯繫在於睾丸素水平的下降讓人類的面孔更利於合作。

Modern humans appear in the fossil record about 200,000 years ago, but it was only about 50,000 years ago that making art and advanced tools became widespread.
由化石推斷，現代人類最早出現在大約20萬年以前，但直到5萬年前，人類纔開始普遍地進行藝術創造與製造高級工具。

'The modern human behaviors of technological innovation, making art and rapid cultural exchange probably came at the same time that we developed a more cooperative temperament,' said lead author Robert Cieri, a biology graduate student at the University of Utah who began this work as a senior at Duke University.
猶他州大學生物學研究生羅伯特·西里在杜克大學年本科四年級的時候就開始了這項研究工作，作爲研究論文的主要作者，他說道，“現代人類的科技創新行爲、藝術創造和頻繁的文化交流很可能出現在我們性格更利於合作的同時。”

The study in the journal Current Anthropology, which is based on measurements of more than 1,400 ancient and modern skulls, makes the argument that human society advanced when people started being nicer to each other, which entails having a little less testosterone in action.
《當代人類學》雜誌上發表的這項研究測量了1400多個古代和現代人頭骨，論證了當人類睾丸素水平下降，變得越來越友善的同時，人類社會也獲得了進步。

Heavy brows were out, rounder heads were in, and those changes can be traced directly to testosterone levels acting on the skeleton, according to Duke anthropologist Steven Churchill, who supervised Cieri's work on a senior honors thesis that grew to become this 24-page journal article three years later.
杜克大學人類學家史蒂文·丘吉爾稱，人類漸漸不再有粗壯的眉骨，頭部變得更加圓潤，這些變化與睾丸素水平直接相關。丘吉爾爲西里的本科畢業論文導師，西里三年後在自己畢業論文的基礎上發表了這次長達24頁的論文。