大學生需要掌握哪些實習技巧大綱

Answer by Elynn Lee, interned at Google in New York City Summer 2013 and 2014; Amazon in Seattle Summer 2012; Facebook in PAlo Alto Summer 2011
埃琳·李的回答。她的實習經歷包括：2013和2014年暑假，紐約，谷歌（Google）；2012年，西雅圖，亞馬遜（Amazon）；2011年，帕洛阿爾託，Facebook

Here are some things I’ve learned from my internships that I find to be handy. Some of them have to do with programming, but some things you can’t necessarily prepare for in advance.
以下介紹我在實習中總結的幾個經驗。其中部分與程序設計有關，但有些是你事先不一定能準備好的。

Be ready to work in a team
爲團隊協作做準備

This one sounds easy, but it might not be for some people. If you’ve done any pair programming, you might have a leg up on this. If you haven’t (or don’t have the opportunity to), pay special attention to the team dynamic when working on group projects. Being able to work with people (from different backgrounds and walks of life) is very important!
這聽起來容易，但對有些人來說可能並非如此。如果你曾進行過雙人編程，你可能佔有一定的優勢。但是，如果你沒有這種經歷（或沒有雙人編程的機會），參與團隊項目時，要特別注意團隊動態。能夠與來自不同背景和行業的團隊成員共事，是非常重要的！

Get used to thinking about complexity (both space and time) and scalability
習慣考慮時空的複雜性和可擴展性

This was a big change for me coming from my school work, where correct can still get you a pretty high grade even if it’s not the fastest solution. When doing your projects next semester, start thinking about how well will these data structures or algorithms scale and what are some alternatives (and what are the trade-offs?). That solution might be the most intuitive, but how much extra space does it take up? How fast/slow is it? It’ll get you thinking about different kinds of problems and show that you’re thinking about more than what’s the “correct” answer.
對於剛剛放下課堂作業的我來說，這是一個巨大改變——做作業時，只要做對了就能得高分，哪怕它並不是最快的解決方案。下學期學習時，你要開始思考這些數據結構或算法究竟有多合適，有哪些替代方案（需要做哪些取捨？）。某個解決方案或許是最直觀的，但是它額外佔用的空間有多大？它的速度如何？這種思維方式會讓你思考各種問題，說明你開始考慮超越“正確”答案之外的其他方面。

Figure out how you are most productive
弄明白如何實現最高效率

For instance, learn to work for extended periods at a time. This was hard for me at my first internship. I definitely used to get distracted really easily. So, in the semester before your internship, consider finding out how you best focus. Do you need headphones? Do you work best when you’re whiteboarding or writing things down or drawing pictures? At both of my internships, there were options to work in different rooms or quiet rooms by yourself (one of them even let you work outdoors). For me, I have to have headphones and, if I’m in the middle of something, I turn off my company chat. I also silence my phone during work hours (because I’m really bad at ignoring notifications) and take walks outdoors (weather permitting) every 2 hours or so. Find out how you are most productive! Figure out how you focus.
例如，你要學着一次工作更長的時間。我第一次實習時很難做到這一點。當時，我很容易分心。所以，在實習前的那個學期，你要試着找到集中精力的方法。你需要戴耳機嗎？你在白板上書寫、記錄或畫圖時能表現出最佳狀態嗎？在我的兩次實習經歷中，我要選擇在不同房間或獨自在安靜的房間工作（其中一次實習甚至要求在室外工作）。對我而言，我仍需要佩戴耳機，如果我正在從事某項工作，我還會關閉公司聊天室。此外，在工作時間，我會把手機調成靜音（因爲我的確不善於忽視手機上的通知信息），而且如果天氣條件允許，每2小時左右我會到室外散步。你要找到實現最高效率和集中精力的方法。

Be prepared to work hard (and often long)
準備好努力工作（和經常加班）

This is more of a mental preparation. I know a lot of people who are very efficient and can get all of their work done from 9 to 5 and still get return offers or do very well in their internships. Depending on the company, you might not have a 9 to 5 work day, and if you’re not willing to work past 5pm, it can take a toll on your work. At one of my internships, it always seemed like I always left at the same time regardless of how much work I actually got done (needless to say, I didn’t feel like I did well).
這一點更需要有心理準備。我知道，許多人工作效率很高，能在上午9點至下午5點期間完成所有工作，並獲得工作機會，或在實習時表現優異。根據實習單位的安排，你的工作時間可能不是朝九晚五，而且如果你不願加班，這就會給你的工作帶來不良影響。在我的一次實習經歷中，不管我實際完成了多少工作，我總是在同一時間下班（不必說，我感覺自己做得並不好）。Closer to the internship, start getting into a good sleep routine

People who know me will think this sound really strange coming from me, but it’s definitely something I started to do (especially during my last internship). You don’t necessarily need to be in the office at 7 am, but you will find that a good number of teams have general times when most people come into the office. For my team, our scrums were at 10, so most people got in around 9:30 or 9 at the earliest (unless they were really busy). Additionally, even though a lot of people leave at 5pm or some “unspoken” agreed on time, you may leave the office later on some days or have events at night. Thus, it meant that me trying to go to sleep at 4 am every night and then staying until like 6:30pm or so wasn’t really working after a couple of weeks (I did end up completely oversleeping and getting into the office at like 1:30pm). So, even if your sleep routine is sleeping at 2 and waking up at 9 or 10, that’s better than what I was trying to do!
實習日期臨近時，要開始養成良好的睡眠習慣

Do some research on the city
認識我的人會覺得，我說出這樣的話着實奇怪，但這的確是我開始嘗試的事情（特別是在我最後一次實習期間）。你沒必要在早上7點就到辦公室。但是你會發現，對於許多團隊來說，他們都有大致的到崗時間，在這個時間段，大部分團隊成員都會到達辦公室。我所在的團隊通常上午10點開會，所以大多數人9點半左右到辦公室，有些人最早9點到場（除非他們特別忙）。另外，即使許多人下午5點或在其他“默契”的約定時間下班，你可能需要加班或在晚上參加活動。對我而言，嘗試每天凌晨4點上牀睡覺，並堅持到下午6：30左右下班，幾周後，這種作息時間就再也無法堅持了（最後我完全睡過頭，下午1：30左右纔到辦公室）。所以，即使你習慣凌晨2點睡覺，上午9點或10點起牀，這仍然好於我的經歷！

Slightly less technical, but if you’re moving to a different city, look at what are some cool things to do ahead of time! The worst feeling is coming to the end of the internship and realizing you don’t have time to do the 30 million things you heard about from your coworkers or other interns. While you are there to work, you’ve always got weekends to explore. Internships help build your resume and your experience as an engineer in the real world, but they’re also an opportunity to explore a new city (or explore different parts of the city you live in if you’re staying closer to home).
研究一下實習工作所在的城市

Be ready to learn!
這一點沒有多少技術性，但是如果你去不同的城市實習，建議你提前研究一下可以做哪些不錯的事情！如果到實習結束時，你發現自己沒有時間做同事或其他實習生介紹的很多事情，這是最糟糕的感覺。雖然你去那兒是爲了工作，但是你仍然有周末可以利用。誠然，實習使你作爲工程師的簡歷和經歷更加豐富，但同時，實習也是一次探索新城市，或所居住城市的其他地區（如果你的居住地鄰近實習單位的話）的機會。

So by now you might be wondering why none of these answers really have to do with “study this code related subject” or “review these algorithms.” To me, I felt like I learned so much on the job that I wouldn’t have been able to learn purely from a class. The only real thing I wish I had looked up before (though, I could have just as easily done it in California and was lazy) was to look at PHP more, because I was doing work in PHP that summer. But for my second internship, it was mostly in C++ and was Android related, but I didn’t do any review and felt right at home. Companies usually have an exceptional network of people that you can draw knowledge from; especially your mentor and team! As long as you are open-minded and have a willingness to learn, you’ll be fine!
隨時學習！

This is what immediately came to mind, but I’ll add more if I think of more things. Hope this helps.
到現在爲止，你可能會想，爲什麼這些答案都與“學習代碼相關課程”或“複習算法”無關。對我個人而言，我在工作中學到了很多無法從課堂上學到的東西。有一次暑期實習，我從事的是服務器編程語言（PHP）工作，如果我能提前複習PHP就好了（我本來可以輕鬆而從容地在加利福尼亞完成）。這是我唯一希望能提前涉及的內容。第二次實習主要是跟C++語言和安卓操作系統(Android)相關的工作，我沒做太多複習，但我並不感覺陌生。實習單位通常有許多優秀的員工，你可以從他們身上學到很多東西，特別是你的導師和團隊！只要你思想開明，願意學習，你就完全可以搞定實習工作！