圖文閱讀:令人驚歎的壯觀:世界十大坑洞
Top 10 amazing holes in the Earth
In man's search for mineral wealth, many enorMous holes have been dug. In addition, nature occasionally produces some astounding holes. This list is a pick of the ten most spectacular natural or manmade holes in the face of the earth.
人類在挖礦石時經常會挖掘出非常巨大的礦洞，此外，自然界有時會形成令人驚歎壯觀的洞穴，以下是美國媒體列舉的地球表面最壯觀的自然或人爲洞穴。
1. Darvaza Gas Crater-Turkmenistan 土庫曼斯坦達爾瓦扎天然氣坑洞
In 1971, geologists discovered a massive underground deposit of natural gas on this site. Whilst excavating the hole to tap the gas, thedrilling rig collapsed leaving a massive hole. To prevent poisonous gasses from escaping, the hole was allowed to burn. It continues to burn to this day and has done so without ceasing.
1971 年，地質學家發現該區域蘊藏着大量的地下天然氣，在常年的開採過程中，由於不慎出現鑽探環狀坍塌，從而形成了一個非常大的坑洞。爲了防止有毒氣體溢出，土庫曼斯坦政府允許對坑洞中的天然氣進行燃燒，這個坑洞從白天到晚上一直處於熊熊烈火燃燒狀態。因此，這處燃燒的天然氣坑洞也被人們稱爲 “地獄之門”。
2. Kimberley Diamond Mine-South Africa 南非金伯利鑽石礦坑
The Kimberley Diamond Mine (also known as the Big Hole) holds the (disputed) title of being the largest hand-dug hole in the world. From 1866 to 1914 50,000 miners dug the hole with picks and shovels, yielding 2,722 kg of diamonds. Attempts are being made to have it registered as a world heritage site.
金伯利鑽石礦坑被認爲是世界上最大的人力挖掘礦坑，從1866年至1914年，50000名礦工使用鐵鏟等工具進行挖掘，共挖掘出2722公斤鑽石。目前，南非政府正試圖將金伯利礦坑申請爲一處世界文化遺址。
3. Monticello Dam-California 美國加州蒙地賽羅水壩
The Monticello Dam is a dam in Napa County, California, United States most noted for its large circular spillway with a rate of 48,400 cubic feet per second.
蒙地賽羅水壩位於美國加州綠帕縣，這是美國大型循環泄洪道，每秒可泄洪48400立方英尺。
4. Bingham Canyon Mine-Utah 美國猶他州賓漢姆峽谷銅礦坑
The Bingham Canyon Mine is a copper mine in the Oquirrh mountains, Utah. The mine is 0.75 mile (1.2 km) deep, 2.5 miles (4 km) wide. It is the world's largest manmade excavation.
賓漢姆峽谷銅礦位於猶他州奧克爾(Oquirrh)山脈，這處礦坑深1200米，寬4000米。這是當前世界上最大的人爲挖掘礦坑。
5. Great Blue Hole-Belize 洪都拉斯藍洞
The Great Blue Hole is an underwater sinkhole off the coast of Belize. The hole is 1,000 feet across and 400 feet deep. It was formed as a limestone cave during the last iceage
洪都拉斯伯利茲市附近海域有一處叫做“藍洞”的水下坑洞，這個大洞直徑爲1000英尺，深400英尺。它是在冰河時代末期形成的一個石灰石坑洞。
6. Mirny Diamond Mine-Siberia 俄羅斯西伯利亞米爾鑽石礦坑
The Mirny Diamond Mine is 525m deep and has a diameter of 1200m. It was the first, and one of the largest, diamond Pipes in the USSR. It is now abandoned. While it was still operational, it would take two hours for trucks to drive from the top to the bottom of the mine.
米爾鑽石礦坑深525米，其直徑爲1200米，它是前蘇聯最早、最大的管狀鑽石礦之一，目前這處礦場已被廢棄。據稱，在該礦場處於開採運行時，一輛卡車從礦坑底部開到頂部需要兩個小時的時間。
7. Diavik Mine-Canada 加拿大戴維克鑽石礦洞
The Diavik Mine is a mine in the Northwest territories of Canada. The mine (opened in 2003) produces 8 million carats or about 1,600 kg (3,500 lb) of diamonds every year.
戴維克鑽石礦洞位於加拿大西北領地，這處礦場最初是在2003年開採挖掘，每年可以生產800萬克拉或相當於1600公斤的鑽石。
8. Sinkhole-Guatemala 危地馬拉污水池洞
In 2007, a 300 foot deep sinkhole swallowed a dozen homes in Guatemala - killing 2 and causing thousands to be evacuated. The sinkhole was caused by rains and an underground sewage flow.
2007年，危地馬拉突然出現地面塌方，十幾處房屋瞬間落入一個300英尺深的污水池洞，從而導致2人死亡，數千人被迫撤離該區域。這個塌方的污水池是由於雨水和地下污水流動造成的。
9. Udachnaya Pipe-Russia 俄羅斯烏達奇納亞鑽石礦洞
The Udachnaya Pipe is a diamond mine in Russia. The owners of the mine plan to cease its operations in 2010 - in favor of underground mining. The mine was discovered in 1955 and is over 600 meters deep
這是俄羅斯一處鑽石礦，礦主計劃於2010年停止採礦，這樣將有利於地下開採。據悉，烏達奇納亞鑽石礦是於1955年被發現，現已被挖掘600米深
10. Chuquicamata-Chile 智利Chuquicamata銅礦坑
Chuquicamata is an open pit copper mine in Chile. It is the mine with the largest total production of copper in the world - though it is not the largest copper mine. The mine is over 850 meters deep.
Chuquicamata是智利一處銅礦，雖然它並不是世界上銅礦儲藏量最大的礦場，但是它目前是全球生產銅最多的礦場。這個礦洞現有850米深
