美國評出"最讓人擔驚受怕"的15種工作

Halloween is the time to speak aloud our gravest fears, and perhaps buy a Lycra bodysuit version of them for $24.98. CareerBuilder has joined in the festivities, surveying more than 4,300 U.S. workers about what they consider the scariest jobs. There seem to be some recurring themes, like those jobs that involve the dead, the dying, a risk of death -- and public speaking.
萬聖夜是我們大聲說出心中最大恐懼的時候，也許再花24.98美元買上一套萊克拉緊身衣。凱業必達網（CareerBuilder）也加入了節日的慶祝中，對超過4300名美國勞動人民，對“什麼是他們所認爲最擔驚受怕的工作”進行了調查。似乎有一些公共演講中反覆出現的題目，如那些工作涉及到死者，瀕臨死亡的人以及存在死亡的風險。

1. Bomb Squad Technician

Salary: $54,000

拆彈技師

工資：54,000美元/年

Training: High school degree or equivalent, five years as a police officer, and a training period at a specialized facility, like the six-week course at the FBI Hazardous Devices School in Huntsville, Ala.

Red wire or blue wire? Ten seconds. Red wire or blue wire? Nine seconds. Twenty thousand innocent lives within bomb radius. Seven seconds. Probably at least 500 sleeping babies. Five seconds. Your mom. Four seconds. RED WIRE OR BLUE WIRE? Three seconds. Blue has always been your favorite color. Two seconds. Why did you ever decide to become a bomb squad technician? One second.

培訓要求：高中或同等學歷，有5年的警齡，並且在專門機構進行一段時間的培訓，如在亞拉巴馬州亨茨維爾市的FBI危險裝置學校參加6周的課程學習。
紅線還是藍線？只剩10秒鐘。紅線還是藍線？9秒。在爆炸範圍內有2萬條無辜的生命。7秒。可能至少有500名熟睡的嬰兒。5秒。還有母親。4秒。到底是紅線還是藍線？3秒。藍色一直是你最喜歡的顏色。2秒。爲什麼你要決定成爲一名拆彈專家呢？1秒。

2. High-Rise Window Washer

Salary: $28,770

高層玻璃清潔工

工資：28,770美元/年

Training: High-rise window washers usually need certification. For International Window Cleaning Association certification, the aspiring window washer must take four correspondence exams, specializing in commercial ground-based window cleaning, rope descent systems, and suspended scaffolds. American high-rise washers need specific training in regional standards.

Cleanliness is next to godliness, they say. But when cleaning the 102nd floor windows of the Empire State Building, you are actually next to God. Combining the detail-focus of a custodian with the fearlessness of a circus acrobat, high-rise window washers waltz daily with death to keep our skyscrapers agleam. Peering into all those offices might reveal some pretty scary stuff too.

培訓要求：高層玻璃清潔工通常需要有資格證。如國際窗戶清潔協會的資格證書，要想成爲窗戶清潔工必需參加4種函授考試，專門針對商業樓房的窗戶清潔、安全繩索系統和懸浮腳手架方面的考試。美國高層建築清潔工根據地方標準需要特殊的培訓。

清潔緊挨着“聖潔”，他們說。當你清潔帝國大廈第102層的玻璃時，你真的就站在了上帝的身旁。清潔玻璃時，即要有馬戲團雜技演員的勇敢精神，又要謹記管理員的“注重細節”。高層玻璃清潔工們爲了讓我們的摩天大樓整潔亮麗，每天都在與死神跳着華爾茲。窺視一下那些窗明几淨的辦公室，可能也泄露出一些相當讓人可怕的事情。

3. Armed Forces Member

Salary: $23,400 plus bonus (private first class)

Training: Recruits usually enter the army as a private first class, after completing 10 weeks of basic training.

One of the few jobs which has as a requirement a willingness to put your life on the line.

軍人

工資：每年23,400美金+獎金（一等兵）

培訓要求：通常新兵入伍後完成10周的基本訓練，就可以成爲一等兵。

少數幾種需要你心甘情願奉獻生命的工作之一。

4. Miner

Salary: $25.60 per hour or $53,160 per year.

礦工

工資：每小時25.60美元或每年53,160美元

Training: To fulfill the Mine Health and Safety Administration safety requirements, new miners must spend a minimum of 24 hours learning safety procedures and rescue, first aid, and miner rights and responsibilities.

Hydrogen sulfide leaks, methane explosions, mine-stope collapses, oh my! Coal mining is an ancient profession, and has been recognized as wildly risky since the very start. There are the obvious dangers that come with descending as far as hundreds of feet underground. Then there are the sneakier ones, like pulmonary disease, bladder cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, silicosis, renal disease, emphysema, "black lung" and lung cancer.

培訓要求：爲了達到礦山安全健康監管機構的安全要求，新礦工需要至少花費24小時來學習安全規程、安全救援、急救以及礦工的權力和義務等知識。

硫化氫泄露、甲烷爆炸、煤礦坍塌，天呢，太危險了！煤礦開採是一種古老的職業，有史以來，就一直被認爲是風險極高的職業。進入到地下幾百英尺深的地方，危險是顯而易見的。還有更糟糕的事情，如肺病 、膀胱癌、類風溼性關節炎、硅肺病、腎病、肺氣腫、“黑肺病”以及肺癌。

5. Police Officer

Salary: $41,257

警察

工資：41,257美元/年

Training: All high school graduates can apply to be a cop, as long as they are drug-free and have no criminal record. If you're hired, your local police office will send you to a police academy for 12 to 14 months to learn the laws of the land.

Your job is to hunt down danger, and then hold your ground against some of the most fearless, and well-armed human beings.

培訓要求：只要不吸毒、無犯罪紀錄，所有高中畢業生均可申請成爲警察。如果你獲聘了，當地警察局會送把你送到警察學院12到14個月，來學習國家法律。

你的工作是追蹤危險，恪守職責來打擊一些最膽大妄爲並配有武器的人。

6. Alaskan Crab Fishing

Salary: $84,930

阿拉斯加捕蟹人

工資：84,930美元/年

Training: There is no formal crab fishing license. Hang around on the Alaskan docks during high crab season (fall and winter) and chances are that you could score a job as a greenhorn -- a lowly deckhard who performs the grunt work for half the salary of a regular crew member. Prove yourself, however, and an often extremely lucrative job as a crab fisherman could eventually be yours.

"Deadliest Catch" is perhaps America's major portal into the world of Alaskan crab fishing: The unshaven, nicotine-stained men out braving the stormy Pacific to bring us hunks of fresh crustacean. And as its title both threatens and promises, "Deadliest Catch" became the first reality TV show to document a star's death. The fatality rate among Alaskan crab fishers is about 80 times that of your average worker.

培訓要求：不需要有正式的捕蟹執照。捕蟹的旺季（秋天和冬天），你在阿拉斯加州的碼頭上閒逛，就有機會獲得一份作爲新手的活兒——一個地位低下的甲板苦力，幹些體力活，薪水是正規船員的一半。然而，如果你能夠證明一下實力，最終你會得到這份非常賺錢的工作—— 成爲一名捕蟹人。

記錄片《致命捕撈》也許是瞭解阿拉斯加州捕蟹世界的主要入口：不刮鬍子、滿身帶有尼古丁痕跡的男人們，勇敢地來到太平洋的暴風驟雨中，給我們帶來豐厚而又新鮮的甲殼類海產品。即危險又充滿了希望，正名記錄片的題目一樣，《致命捕撈》成爲首部記錄一位明星的死亡的真人秀節目。阿拉斯加捕蟹漁民的死亡率是普通工作者的80倍。

7. Mortician

Salary: $41,440

殯儀業者

工資：41,440美元/年

Training: Aspiring morticians must complete an Associate Degree, or equivalent credits, pass a state or national board licensing licensing examination, and spend one to three years as an apprentice.

The job of mortician technically isn't dangerous, unless you believe hanging out with dead people all the time muddles your shakras. Dressing up, beautifying, casketing, embalming, burying and cremating are vital and solemn duties, but they all require a daily confrontation with your own mortality, which can be pretty frightening.

培訓要求：想成爲殯儀業者必須獲得大專學歷或修得同等學分，然後通過州或國家委員會的執業資格考試，還要再做上1年到3年的實習生。

從理論上講，殯儀業者的工作並不危險，除非你相信一直與死人打交道會攪亂你的“能量輪”。化妝、美容、入棺、防腐、埋藏和火葬都是重要而又嚴肅的職責，但是這些每天都會提醒你面對自己也會終究一死的必然事實，可能相當令人恐懼。

8. Firefighter

Salary: $41,300

消防員

工資：41,300美元/年

Training: Applicants need at least a high school diploma, as well as 20/20 vision. To become an active-duty firefighter, you must spend 600 hours training over 12 to 14 weeks. And to even enter a training program, you must prove your physical prowess in a series of tests.

When every molecule in your body tells you to run away from the burning building, as a firefighter you have to resist the urge, override it and plunge in.

培訓要求：申請人至少要有高中文憑和20/20的正常視力。要是想成爲一名正式的消防隊員，你需要經過12到14周600小時的訓練。甚至需要參加職訓計劃，你必須在一系列的測試中證明你的身體技能。

當你身體內每個細胞都告訴逃離失火的建築物時，作爲一名消防員，你必須剋制這種衝動，超越它，投入火場進行戰鬥。

9. High School Teacher

Salary: $43,800

Training: Future educators must complete a bachelor's degree and a state-approved certificate preparation program.

Trying to impress the importance of photosynthesis upon 30 rowdy youngsters is a challenge, especially when you know they're drawing cartoons of you naked as you do it.

高中老師

工資：43,800美元/年

培訓要求：作爲未來的教育家必須完成學士學位和國家認證的教學實習。

試圖讓30個吵鬧的少年記住光合作用的重要性真是一個挑戰，特別是當你知道你在努力授課時，他們正在畫你的裸體漫畫。

10. Cemetery Worker

Salary: $42,250

墓地工人

工資：42,250美元/年

Training: There is no formal training required, although the VA's National Cemetery Administration (NCA) Training Center offers instruction and professional development to those who manage and operate the country's 131 veterans' cemeteries and the Arlington National Cemetery.

"What is he that builds stronger than either the mason, the shipwright, or the carpenter? ... And when you are asked this question next, say 'A grave-maker.' The houses that he makes last till doomsday."These are the words of a gravedigger in "Hamlet," one of the more famous cemetery workers of all time. But not the most. That honor would probably go to Abraham Lincoln, who worked for a time in an Indiana churchyard, as did Rod Stewart, Joe Strummer of The Clash and Major League Baseball player Dave Vanian. While preparing man's final resting place is now seen as a somewhat noble job, in pagan times the "vespillones" were considered unclean. Manhandling corpses does, after all, have a high heebie-jeebie factor.

培訓要求：雖然沒有正規的培訓要求，但是對於那些在國家131老兵公墓和阿林頓國家公墓進行工作和管理的人員，弗吉尼亞州的國家公墓管理局（NCA）培訓中心提供實踐課程和專業培訓。

“能比石匠、船匠和木匠建造出更堅固的建築的人，他是誰？當有人問你這個問題時，你會馬上說‘建墓人’，他所建造的房子能夠撐到世界末日。”這是來自《哈姆雷特》裏盜墓者的話，其中一個一直以來是非常著名的墓地工作者之一，但他並不是最出名的。這個榮譽應該授給給亞伯拉罕·林肯，他在印地安那州的教堂墓地工作過一段時間，洛史都華（Rod Stewart）、撞擊樂隊（the clash）的喬·斯特拉默爾（Joe Strummer）和美國職業棒球大聯盟的棒球手戴夫·凡尼都曾在墓地工作過。“爲人類準備最後的寓所”，現在或多或少被認爲是一種高尚的工作，在異教徒時代，“葬禮承辦人”被認爲是不潔淨的。畢竟，人工處理屍體的總會讓人有心慌慌的感覺。

11. Exterminator

Salary: $32,840

害蟲消滅員

工資：32,840美元/年

Training: High school diploma or equivalent. Most places provide on-the-job training, and some states require that their pest control technicians get formally licensed.

Human beings have evolved to jump away from spiders, cockroaches, rats, bedbugs, earwigs, lice, fleas and centipedes. Not only can these creatures deliver nasty bites and bumps, but they can also carry a ton of diseases, like E. coli, leprosy, typhoid, polio, cholera and tuberculosis.

培訓要求：高中文憑或同等學歷。大多數地方會提供在職培訓，而有些州則要求他們的害蟲防治技術員得到正規的資格證書。

從類已經進化成見到蜘蛛、蟑螂、老鼠、臭蟲、蠼螋、 蝨子、跳蚤、和蜈蚣等害蟲就嚇得立刻跳開的地步。這些生物不但會髒兮兮地咬你一口讓你身上長皰，還攜帶大量的疾病，如埃布氏菌（E. coli）、麻瘋病、傷寒病、脊髓灰質炎、霍亂和肺結核。

12. Stand-Up Comedian

Salary: Whatever you can hustle.

Training: Years of battling bullies on the schoolyard with your razor-sharp wit.

When you tell a joke and no one laughs, it can be embarrassing. When you tell a joke on a brightly lit stage in front of a crowd of people who have paid a bunch of money to laugh, and no one laughs, it can be horrifying.

獨角滑稽秀演員

工資：看你能“忽悠”多少

培訓要求：用機敏的才智，經年地在校園內與“惡霸”們鬥爭。

你講了一個笑話，卻沒人笑，這可能會很丟臉。但是你站在燈光閃耀的舞臺上，面對一羣付了大把鈔票來找樂的觀衆，你講了一個笑話，卻沒人笑，這就會很恐怖。

13. Animal Control

Salary: $30,940

動物控制官

工資：30,940美元/年

Training: Animal control officers may work with police or health departments as municipality employees, or get contracted through a humane society. Apart from a high school diploma and some experience with animals, there are no standard qualifications for the job. A few states, however, require formal, accredited training.

Animal control officers rescue animals from street corners, abandoned homes and abusive owners. That means dealing with a lot of traumatized animals -- and abusive owners.

培訓要求：動物控制官可以作爲市政局的僱員與警察或衛生部一起工作，或者與慈善機構簽訂合同。除了需要高中文憑和一些與動物相處的相關經驗外，這項工作不需要正規的資格證。但是，有少數幾個州需要正規的委託培訓。

動物控制官的職責是從街頭、廢棄的家園和虐待動物的主人手裏解救動物們。這就意味着要對付大量精神受到傷害的動物——和野蠻的物主。

14. Stunt Person

Salary: $70,000 (once you are well-known and experienced)

Training: You can attend a stunt school for three weeks of intensive training.

Your job description is to do everything that a sane, reasonable human being has decided that they don't want to do.

特技演員

工資：70,000美元/年（當你有了名氣和經驗時）

培訓要求：你可以參加一所特技表演學校，進行3周的強化訓練。

你的工作說明就是去做那些心智健全、大腦清楚的人絕對不想做的事情。

15. Politician

Salary: $174,000 (U.S. House and Senate Members)

政客

工資：174,000美元/年（美國衆議院和參議院的議員）

Training: To become a congressman or senator you have to get elected. Many careers feed into the Capitol -- law, business, medicine, real estate -- but a successful career in national politics usually starts at a young age at the local level.

Imagine tweeting a picture of your bulging crotch to a lady friend, and suddenly seeing your bulging crotch on every major TV network. Terrifying.

培訓要求：成爲國會議員或參議員首先你必須得當選。有許多職業都可以通向國會大廈，如律師、商人、醫學、房地產——但是，一名成功的國家職業政客，職業生涯通常在很年青的時候就從地方開始。

想像一下，你把一張“下身突起”的照片“推特”給你一位女性朋友，突然間你發現，在所有重要的網絡電視上，你都能看到那張“下身突起”的照片。恐怖！