過度熬夜害處大 睡眠不足易導致發胖
據一項最新的研究調查顯示，熬夜不僅帶給我們難看的黑眼圈和壞脾氣，同時還會使得體重飆升。
Scientists have discovered a lack of sleep can drastically slow the metabolism down which causes the body to use less energy for simple tasks like breathing and eating, after depriving male students of sleep.
在減少了男性學生的睡眠時間後，科學家們發現，睡眠不足將大大放慢人體新陳代謝的速度，直接導致類似呼吸與進食這樣簡單的活動所消耗的熱量隨之降低。
The results, reported in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, add to evidence that sleep loss can promote weight gain - not just by boosting hunger but also by slowing the rate at which calories are burned.
這篇發表在美國靈牀營養學期刊上的報告再次證實睡眠不足將引發人體發胖，這不僅是因爲睡眠不足將增加飢餓感，同時還因爲消耗的熱量也減少了。
The study suggests that getting plenty of sleep might prevent weight gain, said Christian Benedict of Uppsala University in Sweden, who led the study.
來自瑞典烏魯薩拉大學的學者Christian Benedict主導了這次的研究，他表示充足的睡眠將有助於避免發胖。
'Our findings show that one night of sleep deprivation acutely reduces energy expenditure in healthy men, which suggests sleep contributes to the acute regulation of daytime energy expenditure in humans,' he wrote.
“我們的研究結果顯示，整夜不眠將降低健康男性身體所消耗的熱量，這說明睡眠會影響到人體在白天消耗熱量的情況。”To identify how a lack of sleep might have these effects, Benedict and his colleagues put 14 male university students through a series of sleep 'conditions'
爲了證實缺乏睡眠將對身體產生的影響，Benedict與他的同時使14名男大學生經歷了不同的睡眠情況。
They subjected them to curtailed sleep, no sleep, and normal sleep over several days, then measured changes in how much they ate, their blood sugar, hormone levels and indicators of their metabolic rate.
他們了經歷減少睡眠時間、不睡覺、正常的睡眠不同情況數天之後，研究者測量了他們的食量、體內激素的水平以及新陳代謝水平的變化。
They found that just a single night of missed sleep slowed metabolism the next morning, reducing energy expenditure for tasks like breathing and digestion by 5 per cent to 20 per cent, compared with the morning after a good night's sleep.
研究者發現，哪怕是熬夜一個晚上，第二天新陳代謝也會減緩，與一晚安眠的睡眠相比，在呼吸、消化方面所消耗的熱量將降低百分之五到百分之而是。
The young men also had higher morning levels of blood sugar, appetite-regulating hormones such as ghrelin, and stress hormones such as cortisol after sleep disruption.
這些年輕男性在清晨的血壓水平也會變高，分泌的生長素和應激激素量也發生了變化。
Still, the sleep loss did not boost the amount of food the men consumed during the day.
不過睡眠不足並未影響他們在白天時對於食物的消耗。
A number of studies have observed that people who sleep five hours or less are more prone to weight gain and weigh-related diseases such as type-2 diabetes.
之前的研究也顯示每晚睡眠時間不無五小時的人羣發胖的可能性更大，同時還容易患上與體重超標相關的疾病，比如說罹患2型糖尿病的風險就高出了不少。
But those studies do not prove that sleep loss causes weight gain.
不過之前的研究都沒能證明睡眠不足是體重增加的原因。
Experts said that factors such as lifestyle and diet might add to obesity risks and that it was not clear that sleep deprivation led to obesity.
專家認爲人們的生活方式以及飲食習慣將增加肥胖的可能性，但不能確定睡眠與肥胖之間的直接關係。
Sanford Auerbach, head of the Sleep Disorders Center at Boston Medical Center, noted that sleep deprivation is a complex issue, with medication and other issues influencing sleep as well, and urged that the new findings be kept in context.
波士頓醫療機構睡眠障礙中心的負責人Sanford Auerbach指出，睡眠不足是一個複雜的問題，藥物和其他因素都會對睡眠產生影響，因此這一最新發現並不能推而廣之。
'They showed that we adapt to sleep deprivation and that some of these adaptations could theoretically contribute to obesity,' he said, adding that it's not clear how chronic sleep loss influences hormone levels.
“研究顯示人們會緩慢的適應睡眠不足的情況，在這一過程中可能會伴隨肥胖的出現”，不過他也表示，目前仍然不能確定長期睡眠不足對於荷爾蒙水平會造成怎樣的影響。
The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults get about seven to nine hours of sleep each night.
美國國家睡眠基金會建議成年人每晚應有7到9小時的睡眠時間。
