研究:羣策不一定更有利

Groupthink is a phenomenon in which the members of a group override their individuality in favor of unanimity. Scholars have ascribed bad decision making to groupthink, for example, in U.S. policy during the Vietnam War.
　　集體審議是這樣的一個現象：小組中的成員爲了達到一致性將個人的想法抑制了。學者們將糟糕的決策歸咎於集體審議，比如在越南戰爭中美國的決議。

But how do outsiders interpret groupthink when they observe the behavior of a group and its members?

但是作爲局外人，當他們看到集體和個人的行爲的時候，如何來看到這樣的集體審議呢？

A research team had Subjects rate groups, such as corporations, sports teams and government parties, about how much the group has its own collective intelligence. Subjects also rated how much each member of the group had a mind of his or her own. Finally, they rated the perceived cohesiveness of the group.

一個研究團隊有諸如公司、運動隊和政府黨派的課題組，研究關於每個團隊有多少集體智慧。這項課題同樣也也測試出組中的成員有多少他們自己的想法。最終他們獲得了所謂的團隊的凝聚力。

And the perception was that the more cohesive a group the less its individual members are thought to have independent thought. The study is in the journal Psychological Science.

得到的觀念是一個團隊越凝聚，其中的成員越少有自己獨立的想法。這一發現在《心理學》中。

A second experiment revealed that subjects did not hold members of a very cohesive group responsible for their individual actions. Indeed, some people argue that John Pike, the now infamous pepper-spray cop, was not accountable. And that the responsibility for his actions rests higher, with the police force and local government. Such notions may get tested in court. With psychologists as expert witnesses.

第二個實驗顯示，很有凝聚力的團隊並不爲成員的獨立行爲負責。事實上，很多人認爲，John Pike，現在臭名昭著的向羣衆噴辣椒水條子 是不應該受到責備的。並且他的行爲的責任上升到更高的高度，介入警方和當地政府。這樣的觀點將在法庭上得到驗證，將由心理學家作爲權威目擊者。